Thyroid
Corticosteroids
Diabetes/Insulin
Insulin
Biguanides/Sulfonylureas
100

What are some symptoms of Hyperthyroidism in adults?

Pale/ puffy face, cold/dry skin, brittle/loss of hair, lowered heart rate and temp, lethargy and fatigue, intolerance to cold, impaired mentality
100

Name two corticosteroids that bring symptoms under control with "burst" dosing

Hydrocortisone and Prednisone

100

What is Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes

Type 1: autoimmune disorder, does not produce adequate amounts of insulin No beta cells

Type 2: Target cells become unresponsive to insulin (not using insulin efficiently)-can be corrected with diet and exercise

100

What can insulin be administered to pt's

SubQ injection, Subq infusion, IV infusion

100

Metformin is used for prevention of type 2 diabetes, what kind of pt would be well suited for this drug?

Pt's who skip meals due to loss of appetite, N+V, metallic taste and PO w/ breakfast+dinner

200

Which labs do you monitor with hypothyroidism?

TSH-elevated, T3 and T4 levels diminished

200

Which corticosteroid can only be given PO

Prednisone

200

True or False: Somatostatin blocks the secretion of both insulin and glucagon.

True

Bonus if you can name which pancreatic cells. 

Delta

200

What are the types of insulin

Short duration: rapid acting

Short duration: slower acting

Intermediate duration

Long duration 

200

What are the contraindications for metformin

advanced kidney diseaser, HF, liver failure, history of lactic acidosis, Toxicity (causes lactic acidosis), Alcohol

Red flag: any radiology procedures

300

Name the 6 major hormones of the anterior pituitary gland.

GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, TSH

300

Name 2-3 nursing considerations for corticosteroids

Admin at the same time daily with food (am best), assess vs for temp and bp elevations, monitor potassium, sodium, T3, T4, and glucose levels, when ready to discont-must taper

300

Alpha cells in the pancreas releases?

Glucagon

300

When is a pt most at risk when on insulin and why?

Peak: low blood sugar

300

What are the two sulfonylureas and what is their moa?

glucotrol and glyburide-promote insulin release

400

What is Graves' disease?

most common type of Hyperthyroidism
400

What is Addison's Disease

A deficiency of both corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids-result of autoimmune response. 

400

What are some monitoring treatments of Diabetes?

Fasting plasma glucose (>126mg/dl indicates diabetes), self-monitoring of blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring, hemoglobin A1c (>6.5% indicates diabetes) 

400

What are some complications of insulin treatment

Hypoglycemia, lipohypertrophy (accumulation of subQ fat), allergic reactions, hypokalemia, drug interactions

400

What is the contradiction for sulfonylureas

sulfa allergies

500

Name the hormones of the POSTERIOR pituitary gland.

oxytocin, ADH

500

What are some symptoms of Addison's Disease

Labs: Hypoglycemia, low plasma cortisol and high plasma ACTH levels. Fatigue, ortho hypotension, darkening skin pigmentation, joint pain, GI disturbances

Severe: confusion, coma

500

What is the greatest concern with insulin therapy in Type 1 Diabetes?

Hypoglycemia

500

The only insulin that can be given IV

Regular

500

What are some of the AE's for the sulfonylureas

hypoglycemia, wt gain, GI distress, hepatotoxicity; ETOH can cause disulfirm-like reaction (flushing, palpitations, N)--drug to drug reaction

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