Brain
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for decision making and voluntary movement?
a) Occipital lobe
b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe
d) Frontal lob
d) Frontal lobe
In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus?
a) Bell
b) Food
c) Salivation
d) Tone + food pairing
a) Bell
A study that can be replicated by other researchers is said to have high:
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Generalisability
d) Ethics
a) Reliability
In Milgram’s obedience experiment, what percentage of participants delivered the maximum voltage (450V)?
a) 25%
b) 40%
c) 65%
d) 85%
c) 65%
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Overestimating dispositional (individual) factors and underestimating situational factors when explaining others' behaviour
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
Formation of new memories (particularly explicit/ declarative memories)
Define positive reinforcement and give an example
Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behaviour (e.g., giving a child dessert for eating vegetables)
What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
IV = manipulated, DV = measured
Define conformity
Adjusting behaviour/thinking to align with group norms
What is cognitive dissonance?
Psychological discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or behaviours
A patient suffers damage to Broca’s area. Predict how their speech would be affected
Speech production problems would occur
i.e. Speech would be non-fluent and broken; difficulty forming words but comprehension intact
A teacher gives a student a detention for an incomplete draft, meaning they miss out on free time at lunch. Identify the type of operant conditioning.
negative punishment
(removing the students free time to decrease a behaviour)
i.e.
negative is removing something
punishment is decreaing a behaviour
A psychologist studies the effect of caffeine on memory recall. After the experiment, they realise that participants in the experiment also drank energy drinks. What is the name of this extra variable?
Confounding Variable
A group of friends all say the answer to a question is 'B.' Even though you think it’s 'C,' you agree with them. Which mandatory study explains this behaviour?
Asch’s conformity experiment
What are stereotypes?
Oversimplified and generalised beliefs about a group of people
What is the main function of the occipital lobe?
Processing visual information
What is working memory responsible for?
Holding and manipulating information temporarily
What type of validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure?
Construct validity
What are the three levels of conformity in the Social Influence Theory?
Compliance, Identification, Internalisation
Define prejudice and discrimination, highlighting their difference.
Prejudice = negative attitude; Discrimination = negative behaviour based on group membership
What is the roll of glutamate in the nervous system
It is an excitatory neurotransmitter that makes neurons more likely to fire
What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?
Explicit = conscious recall (facts/events); Implicit = unconscious (skills, habits)
What ethical principle requires participants to be fully aware of the study before agreeing?
Informed consent
What is the bystander effect?
Individuals are less likely to help when others are present
What is prosocial behaviour?
Voluntary behaviour intended to benefit others