Rock cycle
Give an example of a metamorphic rock?
Gneiss, slate, marble, schist
How is a mineral different than a rock?
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks
A mineral has a specific chemical composition and crystalline structure, while a rock is a mixture of one or more minerals
What is erosion?
Erosion involves the loosening and movement of soil, rock, and other materials from the Earth's surface
Which rock is most likely to contain fossils?
sedimentary
What does heat and pressure turn Igneous rock into?
Metamorphic rock
What are the two types of metamorphic rock?
Foliated and non-foliated
Give an example of a mineral
Copper, zinc, talc, quarts, gold, iron, garnet
What is weathering?
the process of breaking down rocks, soil, and minerals on the Earth's surface through contact with water, air, and biological organisms
At one point in history, all rocks were what type?
Igneous
What are sedimentary rocks?
Sedimentary rock are rocks made from compacted and cemented sediments
Why is colour not a reliable classification method for minerals?
What is the difference between erosion and weathering?
Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals, while erosion is the process of moving those weathered materials to a new location
What two processes turn rocks into sediments?
Weathering and erosion
Sedimentary rocks are usually formed by
What is mineral hardness?
The hardness of a mineral is a measure of its ability to scratch other minerals
What is physical weathering?
the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments without changing their chemical composition, driven by physical forces like temperature changes, water, wind, and ice
What cools and solidifies to form an Igneous rock?
Magna or lava
Does slow or fast cooling cause large crystals in Igneous rock?
slow cooling
What are three ways to classify a mineral
Lustre, breakage, streak, hardness
What is chemical weathering?
the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions that change their molecular structure, often involving water and acidic substances like those in rainwater or dissolved gases
What is compacted and cemented to turn into sedimentary rocks?
Sediments
What acts as glue in sedimentary rock formation?
Minerals
Name three of the requirements of a mineral
Solid state, inorganic, formed through natural processes, have a definite chemical composition, have an ordered atomic structure
What is biological weathering?
the breakdown of rocks and minerals caused by the activity of living organisms like plants, animals, and microbes
What is lustre?
Appearance of the surface of the mineral, how light reflects off a minerals surface
What type of weathering is acid rain?
chemical
What is mineral streak?
the colour of the mineral in a powder form