Vocabulary
Earth's Interior
Minerals
Rocks
Rock Cycle
100
The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface
What is the crust?
100
The only entirely liquid layer within the Earth
What is the outer core?
100
According to the standard definition, a mineral has _____ key characteristics.
What is 5?
100
Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks
What is sediment?
100
The process by which rocks break down
What is weathering?
200
A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the Earth's surface.
What is igneous rock?
200
Geologists drill holes bringing up many samples of rock to study Earth's interior.
What is direct evidence?
200
The density of a mineral if 30 cm3 of the mineral has a mass of 60 g.
What is 2 g/cm3? Note: must include units in answer
200
Igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
200
Process by which magma forms igneous rock
What is cooling?
300
Term that describes how light reflects from a mineral’s surface
What is luster?
300
The first waves to arrive at a seismograph
What are P waves, or Primary waves?
300
The process of forming crystals
What is crystallization?
300
Rock texture in which the individual minerals are relatively large
What is coarse-grained?
300
A series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust.
What is the rock cycle?
400
A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again.
What is a crystal?
400
Heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle
What are convection currents?
400
This mineral is the 10 in the Mohs Hardness Scale
What is diamond?
400
Heat source for the processes that control the formation of sedimentary rocks
What is the sun?
400
Processes that transform an igneous rock into a metamorphic rock
What are heat and pressure?
500
The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle
What is the lithosphere?
500
The outer and inner core are mostly made of these two metals.
What are iron and nickel?
500
Geologists have identified and named more than _____ minerals.
What is 5,000?
500
There are about _____ rock-forming minerals.
What is 20?
500
Molten rock found beneath the surface of the Earth
What is magma?