Earth's Layers
Crust
The lithosphere is broken into these thick pieces
tectonic plates
Sudden shaking of Earth's crust when rocks deep in the crust release pressure and break as plates shift
Earthquakes
Areas of earth's surface through which magma and gases pass.
Volcano
The continents were once a single landmass that drifted apart was proposed by this person
Alfred Wegner
crust and upper mantle make up this part of the Earth
Lithosphere
Convergent Boundary
Waves of energy that travel through Earth's layers and result in an explosion or earthquake.
Seismic Waves
Where do we often find volcanoes?
Along plate boundaries, rift zones, and hot spots
The continents once formed part of a single landmass
Pangea
Inner Core
When two tectonic plates move away from each other
Divergent boundary
This type of wave travels faster than S waves and move in a longitudinal direction.
P Waves (primary waves)
This steep-sided volcano has violent, explosive eruptions and produce mostly ash and steam (very little lava).
Strato/Composite Volcano
This type of rock is made of pebbles, sand, shells, and fossils. It is formed when those materials are pressed and glued together.
Sedimentary Rock
This layer is made of mostly liquid iron and nickel.
Outer Core
When two tectonic plates slide past each other
Transform boundary
An instrument that uses zig-zag lines to measure the intensity, direction, and duration of movement in the ground.
seismograph
This long, broad-shaped volcano has quiet, gentle eruptions and produce lots of thin basaltic lava.
Shield Volcano
This type of rock is formed when magma or lava cools and hardens.
Igneous Rock
The layer where convection currents take place.
Mantle (asthenosphere)
Convergent boundary
This was developed to assign a number to show the amound of energy released during earthquakes; measures magnitude on a scale of 0-10
Richter Magnitude Scale
This small volcano can have explosive eruptions and produce small lava flows. They can be found on the sides of larger volcanoes.
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
This type of rock is formed under high temperatures (heat) and pressure.
Metamorphic Rock