Earth's Spheres
What are the 4 spheres?
Biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere
What are Earth's 4 layers?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Describe the process that forms igneous rock.
Magma or lava cools and hardens.
Define "Earth's crust"
Earth's outermost layer of solid rock, including both dry land and the ocean floor.
Liquid water, ice, water vapor are components of the __________.
Liquid water, ice, water vapor are components of the HYDROSPHERE.
A squirrel that lives in a tree and eats nuts and insects is part of this sphere.
Biosphere
What layer do we live on?
Earth's crust
Describe the process that forms metamorphic rock.
Where does this rock type form?
Metamorphic rock forms from extreme heat and pressure deep underground.
Define "biosphere"
All the living things on Earth such as plants, animals, humans, and bacteria.
As you travel deeper into Earth, the temperature, density, and pressure __________.
As you travel deeper into Earth, the temperature, density, and pressure INCREASE.
This sphere includes a mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, as well as dust and water vapor.
Atmosphere
Which layer is liquid metal?
Outer core
How are the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rock similar? How are they different?
Both igneous and metamorphic rock require heat. Metamorphic requires pressure and igneous does not.
Define "composition'
The parts or elements that make up something.
__________ is the breakdown of rock into sediment.
WEATHERING is the breakdown of rock into sediment.
This sphere can be changed through processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition.
Geosphere
Which layer is solid metal?
Inner core
Metamorphic rock can be transformed into sedimentary rock by which process?
Rock is weathered into sediment, sediment is eroded (moved) to a new location and deposited (dropped off). Layers form and sediment is compacted and cemented together.
Define "weathering"
The breakdown of rock into sediment.
The inner core is composed the metal elements __________ and __________.
The inner core is composed the metal elements IRON and NICKEL.
This sphere keeps Earth's temperatures moderate by absorbing and reflecting sunlight.
Hydrosphere
Which layer is the thinnest layer?
Which layer is the thickest layer?
Crust is thinnest. Mantle is thickest.
Intrusive igneous rock cools where? Extrusive igneous rock cools where? Describe the crystal size of each.
Intrusive cools in the ground. Slow cooling creates large crystals.
Extrusive has exited Earth's surface. Fast cooling creates small or no crystals.
Define "deposition"
The drop-off off or laying down of sediment.
The processes involved in transforming metamorphic rock into igneous rock are __________. Igneous rock may then form sedimentary rock through __________.
The processes involved in transforming metamorphic rock into igneous rock are MELTING, COOLING, HARDENING. Igneous rock may then form sedimentary rock through WEATHERING, EROSION, DEPOSITION, COMPACTION, CEMENTATION.