Anatomy
The measurement of the heart
What is 5 inches long X 3.5 inches wide X 2.5 inches thick
Blood pressure is determined by
What is the force exerted by circulating blood volume?
This causes a pathologic Q wave
What is Myocardial Infarction?
The difference between systole and diastole
What is
Systole is when the chambers are contracting and blood is being ejected?
Diastole is when the chambers are relaxed during which the chamber is filling?
The name of two divisions of the nerves system and define them
What is Parasympathetic and Sympathetic?
Sympathetic - Flight and Fight
Parasympathetic - Rest and Digest
This ventricle has the thickest wall, explain why.
What is left ventricle, due to higher pressure and more forced required to eject blood into the aorta?
The equation for cardiac output
The normal range
What is...
CO = SV x Heart rate
5 L/min
Define Arteriosclerosis
What is a chronic disease of the arterial system characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls?
What happens at peak systole?
What is the pressure is building in order to expel blood?
The names of the neurotransmitters for each division
SYMPATHETIC- norepinephrine and epinephrine
PARASYMPATHETIC- acetylcholine
These elements makes up the posterior surface of the heart
What is left atrium, small portion of the right atrium, proximal portion of superior and inferior vena cava, and pulmonary veins?
The difference between preload and afterload
What is...
Preload is the force exerted by the walls of the ventricles at the end of diastole.
Afterload is the pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood?
Define Atherosclerosis
What is a form of arteriosclerosis. The thickening and hardening of vessel walls are caused by buildup fatty-like deposits. Buildup results in lower blood flow (ischemia)?
What valves are open during ventricular diastole?
Define baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
What is baroreceptors monitor blood pressure. Chemoreceptors detect and respond to changes in oxygen content of blood?
Define intercalated disk
What is Cardiac fibers that fits together at the junctions and allows cells to conduct electrical impulses rapidly?
This condition increases preload. This condition decreases preload
What is...
Hypovolemia decreases preload
Heart failure increases preload?
Define myocardial ischemia and the results if left untreated
What is imbalance between the metabolic needs of the myocardium demand and the supply of oxygenated blood?
Atrial Kick
What is the forceful contraction of the atria?
The difference between chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic
What is...
Chronotropic -(affects heart rate by influencing SA node firing)
Inotropic -(Affects force of myocardial contraction by calcium)
Dromotropic -(affects the speed of electrical conduction of AV)
In order, the layers and covering of the heart and their function
What is...
Pericardium- double sac wall responsible for protection
Epicardium- outer most layer supplies blood to heart
Myocardium- middle layer muscle contractions or pumping the heart
Endocardium- innermost layer the smooth layer that lines the hearts inner surface
5 cardiac signs of decreased cardiac output
What are cackles, acute changes in blood pressure, acute changes in mental status, cold clammy skin, color changes in skin and mucous membranes, dyspnea, dysrhythmias, fatigue, orthopnea, restlessness?
Define Angina pectoris and 2 symptoms
What is chest discomfort or other related symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia ?
Symptoms: Heaviness, Pressing, Suffocating, Squeezing, Strangling, Constricting, Bursting, Burning, Grip-like, A band across my chest, A weight in the center of my chest, A vise tightening around my chest
The pathway of a drop of blood
What is ... I'm not typing all that cause we should know it?
4 sympathetic receptor sites and an organ system that goes with it.
What are...
Alpha 1 (eyes, blood vessels, bladder, male reproductive organs)
Alpha 2(digestive, peripheral nervous system)
Beta 1(heart and kidneys)
Beta 2( bronchial smooth muscle, Skeletal blood vessels).
Dopamine(Renal)