Eyes and Ears
This is the primary goal of glaucoma treatment.
What is to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent optic nerve damage?
Name one benefit of DOT beyond ensuring medication adherence.
What is preventing drug resistance / ensuring treatment completion / supporting patient education and engagement?
Why should LABAs never be used alone in asthma treatment?
What is increased risk of severe asthma attacks or death?
These antibiotics are commonly used as first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in a healthy adult due to their effectiveness against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What are Azithromycin, amoxicillin, and doxycycline
This is the first-line antibiotic for bacterial sinusitis.
What is amoxicillin?
This class of glaucoma medication reduces IOP but may cause bradycardia if combined with oral beta blockers.
What are beta blockers (e.g., betaxolol drops)?
This is the most common side effect of rifampin and can be alarming to patients.
What is red-orange discoloration of urine, sweat, and tears?
These are examples of short-acting beta-2 agonists that provide relief for 4–6 hours.
What are Albuterol, Terbutaline, and Levalbuterol?
This antibiotic covers both typical and atypical pathogens in pneumonia and is used in patients with comorbidities or immunosuppression
what is Levofloxacin
These antibiotics are considered first-line for treating Group A Beta-Hemolytic Strep (GABHS) infections
What are Penicillin V Potassium & Amoxicillin
This first-line otic solution for otitis externa includes both ciprofloxacin and a steroid.
What is Cipro HC?
This RIPE medication inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking RNA synthesis in TB bacteria
What is Rifampin?
This is a key reason why Theophylline requires close monitoring.
What is a narrow therapeutic range and risk of toxicity?
This antiviral medication is used in pneumonia cases caused by influenza virus to reduce symptom duration and prevent complications.
What is oseltamivir?
This ingredient found in lozenges or sprays numbs the throat but can pose a rare risk of methemoglobinemia.
What is benzocaine or phenol?
This ointment is given to newborns within 1 hour of birth to prevent eye infections from gonorrhea or chlamydia.
What is erythromycin ointment?
This enzyme system is induced by rifampin, leading to multiple drug interactions.
What is cytochrome P450 (CYP2C19)?
These side effects, including dry mouth and constipation, are common with muscarinic agents.
What are anticholinergic side effects?
For maximum effectiveness, oseltamivir should ideally be started within this time frame from the onset of influenza symptoms to reduce the duration and severity of illness.
What is within 48 hours?
You should avoid systemic decongestants if you have one of these two conditions.
What are severe high blood pressure or heart disease?
If there is no improvement in symptoms of acute Otitis Media after 48–72 hours of treatment, you should switch to one of these antibiotics.
What is amoxicillin/clavulanate or ceftriaxone?
This vitamin should be co-administered with INH to prevent peripheral neuropathy.
What is vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)?
If a patient develops thrush from an inhaled corticosteroid, this determines the treatment type.
What are the patient’s age, development, and preference?
Both moxifloxacin and azithromycin carry a risk of this serious side effect
What is QT interval prolongation?
Systemic decongestants should not be taken with this type of antidepressant.
What are MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)?