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DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS AND TREATMENT OF THE FOLLOWING TEMPERATURE RELATED INJURIES;
HYPOTHERMIA - Occurs when the body is exposed to subnormal water temperatures. To overcome hypothermia, minimize heat loss from the head, neck, sides and groin. Raise body out of the water as much as possible.
FROSTBITE - Usually affects the hands, face, or feet and it most often occurs on windy, very cold days. Treat the affected part immediately by placing it in contact with a warm part of your body. Cover it with your hand or put frozen fingers inside of your clothing.
HEAT STRESS - Excessive sweating may result in painful cramps in the muscles, of the abdomen, legs and arms. Heat cramps result from drinking ice water or other cold drinks either too quickly or in too large of a quantity after exercise. Treatment move victim to a cool place. Give plenty of water.
HEAT EXHAUSTION - Caused by working/exercising in hot environments. This causes a serious disruption of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs causing victims to experience weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea and loss of appetite. Treatment includes; Moving victim to cool area. Loosen clothing. Apply cool wet cloth to victim's head, axilla, groin and ankles.
HEAT STROKE - Victim may experience nausea, dizziness, or weakness. Breathing will be deep and rapid at first, later shallow and almost absent. Victim is usually flushed, very dry and very hot. The pupils will be constricted and the pulse fast and strong. For treatment, immediately douse the body in cold water or apply wet cold towels to the whole body. Move victim to the coldest place available. Maintain an open airway. Place victim on their back, with the head and shoulders slightly raised. If conscious give victim water to drink.