Wave Forms and Electricity
Metal and Water are good at carrying electricity
conductors
How many pads for IFC
4
Ratio for NMES for ROM
1:1
What type of wave form
what frequency is used for Russian
2500 HZ
What are the ions that move across the membranes to create the action potential?
K+ and Na+
as pad size decreases, current density_____
increases
What theory are we using for conventional TENS and IFC
Gate Control
Parameters for NMES
PPS: 35-50 HZ
PW: 300-600 microsec
the charge of dexamethasone so which pad?
negative- cathode
What is the desired result for Russian ESTIM
elicit a tetanic contraction
This therapy combines therapeutic ultrasound (US) with topical medication in order to enhance their uptake, such as patient with shoulder impingement
Phonophoresis
True or False
Less current is required to achieve results if directly over a motor point
True
What theory are we using for noxious stimulus?
Endogenous Opiate
Two reasons we increase strength with NMES
Neural Adaptations
Increase in muscle size-overload
How long would treatment be if I wanted to deliver 80mAs and my pt could tolerate 4mAs intensity?
20 mins
How long is the on/off time for Russian
10 sec on; 50 sec off
What are two ways to give feedback in biofeedback
visual and auditory
True or False
The PNS system does not have to function in order for NMES and Russian protocols to have the desired effect
False
Parameters for accupuncture TENS
PPS: 1-10 HZ
PW: 100-300
Pad Placement for NMES
Indications for Ionto
Localized problem
fairly superficial
pt can tolerate drug and current dosage
Contraindications for Russian to treat edema
Liver Failure
Kidney Failure
Heart Failure
anterior tibialis and swing phase
True or False:
Increasing current does not affect the sensory level, therefore the patient should never feel any pain
False
why we use Sweep or burst
to decrease habituation
Why do we use Ramp?
patient comfort and allow for muscle recruitment
Lidocaine has what charge, and would go on which pad?
Positive, on the anode
What type of current is Russian?
A/C burst
What is a medical emergency for spinal cord injury patients when using NMES?
Autonomic dysreflexia