Muscle
What are the 3 general types of muscle AND 1 characteristic of each
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
List the 3 macronutrients
Carbs, Fats, Protein
Which part of the nervous system is dominant at rest to allow you to digest food?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Select a champion and have them rock/paper/scissors other groups champion until there is one winner.
+ 1 to ultimate winner
Estimate the percentage of carbs, fat, and protein used at rest (out of 100%)
(~80 % Fat, accept +/- 10%)
(~15% carb)
(~5% protein) likely less
Where is Ca++ released in a contracting muscle?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Lipolysis refers to what process?
Breakdown of triglycerides to FFA
What is another name for an afferent nerve?
Sensory nerve
How much ATP is generated from anaerobic breakdown of glucose?
2 ATP
Describe the progression of muscle fibers recruited from little force to maximum.
Type I...IIa...IIx
What is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle?
Sarcomere
How many kcal's is 1 gram of fat?
9.4 kcal/gram
What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
What connective tissue layer surrounds the individual muscle fiber?
Endomysium
Describe 2 important ideas about the New 2026 Federal Food Pyramid.
Many (greater protein, less processing, more dairy, more active individuals...)
List the 6 steps of muscle contraction.
1.An action potential “signal” is sent from the brain
2.Arrives at axon terminal and releases acetylcholine (ACh)
3.ACh crosses neuromuscular junction and binds to ACh receptors on plasmalemma.
4.Action potential travels down plasmalemma and T-tubules.
5.Triggers Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
6.Ca2+ binds to troponin and enables contraction
Describe the cross-over effect of macronutrient use during exercise?
Starts with lipids at low intensity and transitions to carbs as intensity increases
Draw an action potential and explain all the major steps.
Resting (-70 mV) --- Na++ gates open and rushes into the cell (Depolarization to +30 mV) ----- K+ and rush out of the cell (Repolarization) --- Hyperpolarized state (-90 mV) followed by resting (-70 mV)
Draw AND Explain the Force/Velocity relationship
I'll draw it
1. used by own cells mitochondria
2.used by cell nearby
3. gluconeogenesis to the liver