Tell me what you want
what you really really
want
want
Anotha one
Major Key
Are we done yet
lol no we are not
100
Enzyme used in DNA replication to sequence DNA or RNA strands it also fixes errors.
DNA polymerase
100
Non-phagocytic; resides in bloodstream; contains histamine
Basophils
100
Name that hypersensitivity:
Mediated by production of IgE.
reactions may include hives, eczema, allergic asthma, food allergy, anaphylaxis
Immediate hypersensitivity (type 1)
100
What factors are NOT synthesized in the liver and where are they synthesized?
IV Calcium synthesized in diet
vWF Von Willebrand factor Synthesized in endothelial cells
100
This lipid metabolite of arachidonic acid promotes platelet aggregation vasoconstriction in the area
Thromboxane A2
100
What are the three components of Virchow's Triad?
- hypercoaguability
- venous stasis
- endothelial injury
200
List the base pairings in DNA? In RNA?
DNA: AT, GC
RNA: AU, GC
200
Macrophages types in Lung, Liver, and Brain
Lung- Alveolar macrophage
Liver- Kupffer cell
Brain- Microglia
200
Two elements required for DNA synthesis
Vitamin B12 and folate
200
-Can result in hyperuricemia, increased potassium, increased phosphate, decreased calcium
- may also lead to arrhythmias, acute renal failure, or seizures
Tumor lysis syndrome
200
Name the hypersensitivity:
- Response mediated by CD4 or CD8 T cells
- delayed due to occurring several days after exposure
- most commonly manifests as a blistering skin rash
Ex: Reactions to metals in jewelry or poison ivy
T cell -mediated hypersensitivity (type 4; delayed)
200
What inactivates cofactors VIII and V?
Protein C/Protein S
300
This antimicrobial enzyme is a chemical barrier found in tears and mucus. It causes bacterial lysis by disrupting bacterial cell walls.
Lysozyme
300
Three pathways for complement activation
- Classical (bacteria coated with antibodies)
- Lectin (MBL protein in liver attaches to bacteria then activates compliment cascade)
- Alternative (compliment binds to bacterial wall initiating cascade)
300
Type of malignancy arising from glandular epithelial cells
Adenocarcinoma
300
Name this hypersensitivity:
host cell surfaces becomes unrecognizable, immune system sees host as "non-self". B cells make IgM or IgG against host then bind to host leading to inflammation and cell death.
Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity (Type 2)
300
1) Intrinsic pathway factors include:
2) Assessed by what test?
3) Intrinsic pathway is influenced by what drug?
1) XII, XI, X, IX, VIII, V, II
2) aPTT
3) Heparin
300
Biophysics of vascular wall tension
Law of LaPlace
400
Lymph fluid returns to the blood via the
Thoracic duct
(largest lymphatic vessel)
400
Utilized as a marker for B cell maturation, may assist in mucosal immunity
IgD
400
Target of many anti-fungal drugs
ergosterol
400
new and uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be benign or malignant
neoplasm
400
Name this hypersensitivity:
-IgM or IgG is produced against a foreign protein
-leads to an immune complex formation
-activates the complement cascade leading to inflammation
Examples: post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and RA
Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity (Type 3)
400
T/F In Moderate CAD the diameter of the vessel and the lumen increase in size.
False. diameter of the vessel remains constant in Minimal/Moderate CAD as the lumen size expands. This changes in severe CAD.
500
GALT consists of 3 secondary lymphoid tissues types:
- Peyer pathces
- Isolated lymphoid follicles
- Mesenteric lymph nodes
500
In the primary immune response what antibody peaks first then what antibody peaks second?
Is this the same in a secondary response?
Primary response: IgM first, then IgG
Secondary: no response is different. IgG peaks way higher, and faster at the same time as IgM
500
Genetic disorder producing abnormal alpha or beta chains.
Thalassemia
500
Viral causes of cancer
1) Epstein-Barr can lead to:
2) Hep B can lead to:
3) HPV can lead to:
1) Burkitt lymphoma
2) Hepatocellular carcinoma
3) head/neck & anogenital
500
Endothelial cells release this inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation.
Nitric Oxide
500
Calculate the MAP for someone with a SBP of 120 and a DBP of 60.
MAP= 80
MAP= DBP + (SBP-DBP)/3
600
What physiologic components play a large role in inspiration and expiration?
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and chest wall
600
Breathing is generated by a network of neurons located near the upper end of the medullary respiratory center.
Pre-Brontzinger complex which display pacemaker activity.
600
Surfactant is a phospholipid protein liquid secreted by what
Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC)
600
What stage in slow response action potentials do calcium channels switch from T-type to L-type channels?
Phase 0 - upstroke
600
What is the HR if the CO= 6L/min and SV= 75mL?
80 bpm
CO=HR x SV
*be mindful of units*
600
Fun fact:
we are NOW 1000 days out from graduation.