Anatomy
Outer protective body covering, can synthesize vitamin D, contains cutaneous receptors
What is integumentary system?
attracted to water
what is hydrophilic?
biological catalyst
what is an enzyme?
specific channel that facilitates movement of water between cells
what are aquaporins?
transports one substance into a cell while transporting another substance out of a cell
what is an antiporter?
the way the body maintains stable conditions
what is homeostasis?
breaks down molecules into smaller units
what is catabolic?
sorting facility with three paths (A,B, and C), packages proteins and lipids that are made in the endoplasmic reticulum
what is golgi apparatus?
ingestion of large solid particles by white blood cells (such as macrophages)
what is phagocytosis?
moves substances into, across, and then out of a cell
what is transcytosis?
carries response to stimulus and causes effect (influences it)
what is effector?
Atoms are reduced when they gain an electron, atoms are oxidizied when they lose an electron
What is a oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?
(OILRIG) oxidation is loss, reduction is gain
ingestion of fluid, cells can use this to test the concentrations in extracellular fluid
what is pinocytosis?
movement of water from low to high solute concentrations
what is osmosis?
requires atp and carrier proteins to transport molecules across the plasma membrane
what is active transport?
Scenario: During birth, contractions push the baby's head against the cervix. This pressure sends a signal to the brain which communicates with the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin increases the rate of contractions which leads to more pressure which leads to more oxytocin release... and so on until the baby is born.
what is positive feedback loop?
temperature, concentration, particle size, catalyst all influence...
what is reaction rate?
helps prevent molecules from passing through extracellular space
what is a tight junction?
anchors cell to extracellular matrix or to each other, can attract white blood cells to injured areas, contain sugar coated projections that act as flags
what are cell adhesion molecules (CAMS)?
allows you to pinch and pull at your skin without ripping it, resists mechanical forces
what are desmosomes?
Scenario: The temperature sensitive receptors in your skin alert your brain that you are too hot. Your brain then sends signals to your sweat glands (effectors) which release sweat and decrease your body temperature.
what is negative feedback loop?
resists large swing in pH by releasing hydrogen when pH rises and binding hydrogen when it drops
what is a buffer?
temperature (hint: higher temp increase movement which increases....), molecule size (hint: smaller is quicker, more size is more heft), and concentration gradient are factors that influence...
what is speed of diffusion?
determine what can pass from one cell to another
what are gap junctions?
network of loop tubules, contains enzymes (integral proteins) that help with lipid metabolism, helps with cholesterol hormone synthesis
what is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?