Definitions
morpheme
smallest unit of language that carries meaning (un-break-able = 3 morphemes)
Which is an intransitive verb in the sentence?
I ate a pie
I followed the dog
I slept
slept
what kind of priming is at play when it is easier to recognize the word "dog" after hearing "cat"?
Semantic priming
What was Jean Berko Gleason's 1958 study about?
Children apply morphological rules to new words (wug--> wugs)
Give an example of a supraordinate, basic, and subordinate level category.
mutual exclusivity bias
A child's tendency to assume a new word refers to a whole new object rather than an already-named one. "ONE to ONE mapping"
Give an example of an active and passive sentence.
A: I applauded the speaker.
P: She was applauded by the audience.
what is a cohort competitor of the word "mask"?
mass, masquerade, massive, mast
When a child says "eated" instead of ate, that is an example of...
overregularization: extending common grammar rules to words
What is an example of an indirect object?
She gave the dog the ball.
IO: the dog (She gave the ball TO WHO? That's the indirect object)
generativity
use a finite set of grammatical rules to produce an infinite number of novel sentences never spoken or heard before
What do parse trees break sentences into? (Hint: two components)
Noun phrases and verb phrases
Will it take longer or shorter to recognize a word with many phonological neighbors? Why?
Longer. Due to neighborhood density effect
Give an example of a garden path sentence
"The old man the boat."
desk and chair
semantic bootstrapping hypothesis
children naturally notice categories (people, cars) in the real world, and use this semantic knowledge to understand grammatical rules and parts of speech.
Which of these is a non-compositional compound?
watergun, track meet, pineapple
Pineapple
What did Spivey & Marian's 1999 study show? (Hint: Russian & English words)
languages compete with one another during word recognition
What is the poverty of stimulus argument?
Children are exposed to pretty little linguistic data, so must have some innate linguistic knowledge to explain how they learn language
What is a heuristic?
Mental shortcut
Lexical co-occurrence
the pattern that some words frequently appear together in natural language
Name some suffixes the change the word from one part of speech to another (e.g. from noun to verb) and are therefore called derivational affixes.
-ness
-ful
What is the difference between facilitation and inhibition of word recognition? What might cause facilitation?
Facilitation - recognize faster. Semantic (candle and wax) or cohort (candle and wag)
Inhibition - recognize slower
What are some methods for learning about word/sentence processing?
Self paced reading
eye tracking
What are homophones?
Same sound, different meaning
(there, they're)