Sensation
What term describes the lowest level of a stimulus that a person can detect 50 percent of the time?
Absolute threshold
Which monocular depth cue makes parallel lines appear to meet in the distance?
Linear perspective
Which memory system can retain facts, experiences, and skills for years?
Long-term memory
Recognizing patterns in speech streams is called:
Statistical Learning
A ________ is a mental representation of an object.
Schema
Which eye condition results from light being focused too far in front of the retina?
Myopic (nearsighted) vision
What term describes the lowest level of a stimulus that a person can detect 50 percent of the time?
Absolute threshold
What type of amnesia involves losing memories from before an injury or illness?
Retrograde amnesia
Tone, gesture, and sarcasm are examples of:
Extra linguistic information (other clues to meaning)
What is object permanence:
Realizing an object continues to exist when out of sight
Compared with nearby objects, where do distant objects tend to appear in the visual field?
Higher in the visual field
Name the three colors for which the human eye has photoreceptors that allow for color vision
Red, green, and blue
What is the difference between maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal?
Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information/stimuli over and over again to retain it in your short term memory. Whereas, elaborative rehearsal involves linking information in some meaningful way to able to retain it in your short term memory
What is an example discussed during lecture that demonstrates that there is a critical period for 1st language learning?
Genie or deaf people
According to Piaget, _______ is when a new object is added to an existing scheme
Assimilation
According to feature integration theory, how do we detect basic features and then combine them to recognize objects?
We detect basic features all at once, then combine them through focused attention on one object at a time.
The location on the retina where ganglion cell form the optic nerve, which leaves no room for rods or cones
Blindspot
What is the difference between retroactive interference and proactive interference
Retroactive interference describes new information interfering with memory for previously learned information, whereas proactive interference describes when old information interferes with memory for new information
What is the difference between 1st language learning and 2nd language learning?
What is a limitation during the preoperational stage?
Centration: focusing on only the most obvious feature of an object or situation
- have trouble representing others people POV
Describe the parts of the ear
Pinna: outer flap of the ear that collects and funnels sound into the ear canal
Eardrum: membrane that vibrates in response to sound and passes vibrations to the ossicles
Ear canal: passage that carries sound waves to the eardrum
Ossicles: three middle-ear bones that transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
Cochlea: fluid-filled, spiral-shaped structure containing the hair cells used for hearing. Where transduction occurs
Semicircular canals: three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear that detect head rotation and help maintain balance
Auditory nerve: nerve that carries auditory information from the cochlea toward the brain
2 weeks ago, I changed shirts from blue to black during the middle of the class and walked around in plain sight in the black shirt without anyone noticing due to your attention being focused on the class activity. What term describes this phenomenon?
Inattentional blindness
Describe the parts and processes in the memory model
Sensory input: Information entering through the senses
Sensory memory: Brief storage of incoming sensory information
Attention: Selection of sensory information for further processing
Short-term memory: Temporary storage of a limited amount of information
Maintenance rehearsal: Repetition that keeps information active in short-term memory
Encoding: Getting information into memory
Long-term memory: Relatively enduring storage of facts, experiences, and skills
Retrieval: Bringing stored information back into awareness
Loss from sensory memory: Information fades before it receives further attention
Loss from short-term memory: Information is forgotten through decay or interference
Loss from long-term memory: Stored information may be forgotten or become difficult to retrieve
During 1-1.5 years old, children use one word to express an entire sentence or thought. This is called _______ and an example of this is:___________
Holophrases
Example: Saying "up" to be picked up or indicating that the dog jumped
What do children need to learn to "graduate" from the concrete operational stage?
Children graduate when they learn to think hypothetically about the world