Cell Communication
Which class of hormones is lipid-soluble and able to carry its message directly into the cell?
Sterioids (lipids)
At what stage in the cell cycle is the DNA replicated in preparation for Mitosis?
S phase
Environment favors one phenotype is favored over another to enhance an organism’s survival; ________ Selection
Natural Election
How differentiate between DNA and RNA nucleotide?
-OH or -H on 2nd carbon
Prescence of U instead of T
Where does transcripation take place in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
What gland is the "king" of endocrine signaling?
Hypothalamus
You find a feather from a duck and analyze its chromosomes. You determine each cell contains 80 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in this duck's ova?
40 chromosomes (gametes are haploid)
What is the genotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Ex: both parents = AaBb)
9:3:3:1
Helicase
Addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail to the RNA transcript is what level of protein modification?
a) Epigenetic
b) Transcriptional
c) Post-transcriptional
d) Translational
e) Post-translational
Post-transcriptional
A ligand directly enters the cell and activates an internal receptor on the nucleus membrane. What type of molecule is this ligand derived from?
Lipid-derived
What is the resulting cells of Meiosis?
4 genetically unique daughter cells
For a recessive X-linked disease, the father is infected and the mother is healthy. What do their genotypes look like?
XnY and XNXN
Splicing out different combinations of exons during RNA processing to yield unique mRNAs. What is this called?
Alternative splicing
This DNA segment is 5' AGT TCA 3'. What is the resulting RNA transcript?
3' UCA AGU 5'
Nitric oxide diffuses from endothelial cells to nearby smooth muscle cells to cause vasodilation. This is an example of which type of signaling?
Paracrine signaling
Prophase I
Which two alleles are LEAST likely to cross over?
A and B
A particular DNA sample consists of 20% thymine. How much cytosine is in this sample?
30% cytosine
The lac operon is inducible. This means that repressor is typically (bound/unbound) to the operator, blocking RNA polymerase
Bound
Upon encountering a pathogen a T lymphocyte secretes IL-2, which binds to a receptor on its own surface and stimulating the cell to proliferate. This is an example of which type of signaling?
Autocrine signaling
In Mitosis, chromosomes are pulled apart during Anaphase. What is the name of the specific structure these chromosomes are in during Mitosis?
Sister chromatids; X
What stage during Meiosis can nondisjuction occur?
Anaphase I or II
Which DNA strand utilizes multiple RNA primers?
Lagging strand
Methylating a finished polypeptide to alter the function of the protein. What level of protein modification is this?
a) Epigenetic
b) Transcriptional
c) Post-transcriptional
d) Translational
e) Post-translational
Post-translational