Studies I
Studies II
Studies III
Influential factors
Random
100

You want to study the effects of regular exercise on a persons heart rate you measure the heart rate of a person at rest and again after jogging in place for 5 min. The control group is students who are not on a school athletic team. The experimental group is students who are on a school athletic team. Observational or Experimental.

What is Observational

100
you want to study the effects that music has on the ability to recall knowledge. Each individual in your study is given material to read on the same unfamiliar topic and then asked to fake a factual quiz in a room that has classical music playing Observational or Experimental
What is Experimental Study
100

Use 1 random sample drawn once from a population

What is Cross-Sectional Sample Survey

100
All participants in a study are not told their treatment.
What is single blinding
100

The people or objects included in the study

individuals

200
Study that draws inferences about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator.
What is Observational Study
200

The sampling process systematically leaves out or
under-represent parts of the population.

What is Undercoverage

200

Group where nothing changes. The normal exposure or no exposure to the independent variable is given to the samples in this group. This is the baseline measurement

What is Control Group

200
When researchers and subjects are unaware of the treatments that subjects are receiving.
What is double-blinding
200

completely open to anyone who wants to participate and fundamentally biased and open to manipulation
ex: write-ins, ratings (amazon, imdb, yelp), (re)twits, bots, etc

What are volunteer response sampling

300

Selecting a set of easily accessible individuals which are representative of similar individuals, but not the whole population

What is convenience sampling

300

Biased or leading questions, complicated/ confusing statements can influence survey results.

What is Wording Effect

300

An explanatory variable and is not affected by the experiment

What is Independent variable. 

300

An observational study using 2 distinct random samples of individuals differing by some feature
Individuals with the feature of interest are cases; those without are controls

What is Case Control

300
A study in one attempts to find evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
What is an experiment
400

When some people choose not to answer/participate

What is Non-response

400

Fancy term for lying or forgetting (especially on sensitive/personal issues). Can be exacerbated by survey method (in person vs. by phone or online).

What is Response Bias

400

A variable that is manipulated by the factor and measured.

What is a Dependent variable

400
Occurrence of results are most likely not by chance and the difference is big enough as to not be influenced by randomness alone.
What is statistical significance
400

The imposed conditions are compared on pairs/sets of RELATED (even identical) individuals

What is Matched Pairs

500
A study is often conducted with these two groups.
Experimental group and Control group
500

Equalizes the effect of unknown or uncontrollable sources of variation

What is Randomization

500
A variable that may be the cause in variation of a response rather than the intended variable which is the independent variable
What is a confounding variable
500

occurs when subjects respond positively to a “treatment” even though it is only a placebo simply because they think they are getting the real treatment

What is the placebo effect

500

Very personal case(s) with unique circumstances and not representative of anyone else

What is anecdotal evidence

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