Definitions
A study design where groups are given training and then a common test
What is the T1-T2 Design?
Rats are given morphine in the same place showed more tolerance to morphine in training context compared to novel context
What is Siegel’s 1975 Drug Tolerance experiment?
This type of reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
What is positive reinforcement?
The equation that describes the Rescorla-Wagner model
What is ∆V = αβ(λ − ΣV)?
If a dog salivates at the sight of a dog treat, what is the US?
What is the sight of the dog treat?
The term used to describe the systematic and differential successive approximations which lead to the acquisition of an end target/goal behavior
What is Shaping?
In this experiment by Martin Seligman, dogs were subjected to unavoidable electric shocks
What is Seligman’s learned helplessness experiment?
In operant conditioning, this term refers to the weakening of a behavior when it is no longer reinforced
What is extinction?
The Rescorla-Wagner model predicts that during acquisition the associative strength should approach an __________
What is an asymptote?
In a classical conditioning experiment, a child shows natural fear when encountering a spider. Researchers present a baby rattle and everytime the child sees the baby rattle they also see the spider. What would be the unconditioned stimulus?
What is the spider?
When the value of a reward is determined in relation to previously trained rewards
What is the Crespi Contrast Effect?
This experiment by Edward Thorndike involved cats learning to escape from a puzzle box by trial and error
What is Thorndike’s puzzle box experiment?
This schedule of reinforcement delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses.
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
What is one phenomenon the Rescorla-Wagner model fails to explain?
What is spontaneous recovery, rapid reacquisition, and latent inhibition?
Classical conditioning is an example of this theory of learning
What is S-O theory?
When the introduction of an extrinsic reward weakens strong intrinsic motivation that drove high performance
What is the overjustification effect?
Edward Tolman studied this in rats by observing their behavior in a maze, even when no reinforcement was given.
What is Tolman’s latent learning experiment?
This term describes the reinforcement of successive approximations to a desired behavior until the target behavior is achieved.
What is shaping?
What concept in the Rescorla-Wagner model explains why adding a new CS to an already established CS-US association may lead to overshadowing?
What is limited associative strength?
When a rat shows fear in response to a shock, what is the conditioned stimulus?
What is the environment where the shock occurred?
When depreciation of the value of a reward occurs in relation to the time that it takes to be released
What is delayed discounting?
Famous for demonstrating classical conditioning in humans by inducing a fear response in a young child
What is the Little Albert experiment?
This reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
Explain the concept of the associative strength of a conditioned stimulus (CS) according to the Rescorla-Wagner model.
What is the degree that the CS has been associated with the occurrence of the US. It determines the magnitude of the CR elicited by the CS?
In a classical conditioning experiment, a tone (?) is paired with a puff of air (?), leading to blinking (?)
What is the CS, US, UR?