Personality
What are the Id, ego, and superego?
id is the unconscious, instinctual "it" seeking immediate gratification
The ego is the rational "I" mediating between urges and reality.
The superego is the moral "upper-I" or conscience aiming for perfection
Give an example of flooding
student example
Explain the controversy with DID
debates about its origin, validity, and diagnosis
increases after media about it (Sybil)
Give the three types of intelligence according to Robert Sternberg
analytical intelligence (problem-solving smarts)
Creative intelligence (innovative smarts)
Practical intelligence (street smarts)
Define the collective unconscious and state who came up with it
the collective unconscious is the deepest, inherited layer of the human psyche shared by all people, containing universal experiences, instincts, and "archetypes
coined by psychologist Carl Jung
Define three different defense mechanisms
student examples
Give a scenario where CBT may be helpful
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Explain the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive (inappropriate behaviors are present) : Hallucinations, Disorganized, fragmented thinking, Delusions, Exhibit inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage, Disorganized speech
Negative (appropriate behaviors are absent Absence of emotion in voices, expression-less faces, or mute and rigid bodies): Affective Flattening, Alogia, Anhedonia, Avolition, Social Withdrawal
define savant syndrome
a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill
Give an example of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, cognitive dissonance, and the fundamental attribution error
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Define the unconscious according to Freud
Repository of repressed thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories that influence behavior outside awareness
treatment involving psychological techniques
explain the difference between hypomania and mania
Mania is severe, lasts at least 7 days (or requires hospitalization), and may include psychosis, while hypomania is milder, lasts at least 4 days, does not severely impair functioning, and has no psychosis
Explain the differences between Fluid intelligence (Gf) and Crystallized intelligence (Gc)
Fluid intelligence (Gf): Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
Crystallized intelligence (Gc): Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tend to increase with age
Give an example of social norms
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Define the pleasure principle and the reality principle
Reality principle: The ability of the mind to assess the external world realistically and act accordingly.
pleasure principle: the instinctual drive to seek immediate gratification of needs, desires, and urges while avoiding pain or discomfort
Explain exposure therapy
a psychological technique used to help people confront their fears and anxieties in a safe, controlled environment, reducing avoidance behaviors and fear responses
Define OCD
Unwanted and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) create anxiety, which leads to repetitive actions (compulsions) performed to relieve that anxiety
State the eight intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner and the ninth later proposed one.
1. Linguistic Intelligence
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
3. Spatial Intelligence
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
5.Musical Intelligence
6.Interpersonal Intelligence
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
8. Naturalistic Intelligence
9.existential intelligence
Explain the 1951 Asch experiment
understand how social pressure influences people to conform, even when they know the group is wrong.
results: people are likely to conform even if they know the group is wrong
List Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization
Define ACT and DBT
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): accept internal experiences (thoughts, feelings) rather than trying to eliminate them
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): emotion regulation and distress tolerance
Explain the differences between bipolar I and bipolar II
Bipolar I is defined by full-blown manic episodes, while Bipolar II is characterized by milder hypomanic episodes paired with more frequent and severe depressive episodes
what is the formula for the stanford binet iq test
IQ= Chronological Age / Mental Age ×100
Give an example of the chameleon effect
student example