minimal pairs, classifying consonants
Ex. Which of the following words begin with /h/. You may need to check more than one item.
Hour
Hire
Who
Where
Honor
Hue
Hire
Who
Hue
Select all the words that contain a back vowel.
Due-
Fall
Wooden
Chip
Plaid
6. Turn
Due- /u/
Fall /ɑ/
3. Wooden- /ʊ/
If a child says 'potato' as [deɪdoʊ], what process is exhibited?
Syllable deletion. pə-deidou- weak syllable is pə therefore it's deleted.
Look at the words and the transcriptions of how someone said them. Choose the one best example of epenthesis.- insertion of a phoneme between two other phonemes.
clock = /klɑŋk/
script = /skrɪpt/
crashed = /kræʃt/
mumps = /mʌmfs/
polite = /pəlaɪt/
wash = /wɑʧ/
task= /tæks/
yellow = /jɛldoʊ/
strength = /strɛŋkθ/
fence = /fɛnts/
yellow = /jɛldoʊ/ -/d/ is added unnecessarily
strength = /strɛŋkθ/ - /k/ is added
fence = /fɛnts/ - /t/ is added.
clock = /klɑŋk/ - ŋ is added
If someone asks "When did John go to the store?" Which word would normally receive the focus in the answer "John went to the store yesterday."?
yesterday
Ex. Which of the following words ends with /t/. You may need to check more than one item.
Eighth
Kite
Liked
Loved
Path
Which
2. kite
3. liked
Ex 3. Which of the following contains a lax vowel in its transcription? You may need to choose more than one answer.
Grieve-
Laugh-
Forfeit-
Ballet-
Burn-
Chew -
Laugh- /æ/ lax
Forfeit- /ɪ/ lax
Ballet- /æ/ lax
What processes affect the following word? 'cherry' [dewi] (Check all that apply)
Prevocalic voicing
Gliding
Stopping
Cluster reduction
Prevocalic voicing
Gliding
Stopping
why?-
Ch changes to d= stopping
/r/ changed to /w/= gliding
Ch is also voiceless and it has been changed to /d/ which is voiced = pre-volic voicing.
. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of metathesis.- transposition of sounds
asks = /æks/
felt = /flɛt/
obelisk = /ɑbəlɪks/
enemy = /ɛnəmi/
spaghetti = /pəsgɛti/
grave = /greɪb/
felt = /flɛt/ - /l/ and /ɛ/ are switched
obelisk = /ɑbəlɪks/- /s/ and /k/ are switched
spaghetti = /pəsgɛti/ - /s/ is after the /p/
. Identify all of the words that could be transcribed accurately with a schwa in Standard American English. You may need to choose more than one answer.
Ridiculous
Graduate v.
Graduate n.
Punchbowl
Backstreet
Alarming
Tacky
Callous
Sewage
Panoply
paradise
Ridiculous
Graduate n.
Alarming
Callous
Sewage
Panoply
paradise
which of the following is a minimal pair of "chore" pick more than one answer. Transcribe the correct answers to show your understanding
Choir-
Char-
Chord-
Corps-
Chair-
6. Core -
Chore- / ʧɔr/
Char- /ʧɑr/
Corps- /kɔr/
Chair- /ʧɛr/
Core - /kɔr/
Ex. Which of the following are examples of words that would undergo the rule stating that /t/ is replaced by a glottal stop when it occurs before an alveolar nasal in the same word?
Nothing
Kitten
Sudden
Fatten
Satin
Atom
- kitten
-fatten
-satin
Which transcriptions could be examples of deaffrication? Mark all that apply
measure = /mɛzɚ/
catch = /kæʃ/
Roger = /ɹɑʒɚ/
- sheep = /sip/
catch = /kæʃ/
Roger = /ɹɑʒɚ/
. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of elision.
paths = /pæs/
walk = /wɑk/
crumb = /krʌm/
sands = /sænz/
tennis = /tɛnɪs/
bird = /brɪd/
paths = /pæs/ - /th/ is deleted in production
sands = /sænz/ - /d/ is deleted in production
"He's from West L.A." if the word "West" receives focus, which statement below would best indicate the meaning?
- He’s not from east LA
- He moved to Texas
- He's from California
- He's not from east LA
Ex. Which of the following features at least one oral stop?
What are stops?
Thomas
Wafer
Sugar
Chef
Phlegm
Chemistry
Universe
Breathe
Judge
- thomas
- sugar
-chemistry
-breathe
Which of the following are examples of words that would undergo the rule described in the statement "approximants are partially voiceless when they occur after initial voiceless stops"? Choose all that apply.
Thailand
Fjord
Music
Pew
Putter
Twin
Clown
Chrome
Green
Quota
*Approximants are /l,w,r,j/, voiceless stops are /p,t,k/
- Pew- /pju/
- Twin-/tw/
- Clown- /kl/
- Chrome- /kr/
-Quota- /qw/
Which transcriptions could be examples of labial assimilation? Mark all that apply.
pig = /bɪɡ/
drink = /bɹɪŋk/
money = /mʌmi/
- cave = /peɪv/
money = /mʌmi/
cave = /peɪv/- /k/ changes to /p/
3. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of progressive assimilation.
In California = /ɪŋkæləfɔɚnjə/
ribbon = /rɪbəm/
caveman = /keɪbmæn/
squirrel = /skɝl/
washed = /wɑʃt/
progression- left to right
1. ribbon = /rɪbəm/ - /b/ affects the /m/
2. washed = /wɑʃt/ - the /ʃ/ is voiceless and affects the /t/
Which of the following is characteristic of Southern American English?
derhotacization
vowel merger
tensing of vowels
laxing of vowels
vowel lowering
all of the above
- all of the above
Ex. Which consonant pair(s) differs only in terms of manner? You may need to choose more than one answer.
/s,z/
/m,ŋ/
/p,b/
/ʧ,ʤ/
/d,l/
/t,s/
/d,l/- same place, same voicing, different manner
/t,s/ - same place, same voicing, different manner
Which of the following are examples of words that would undergo the rule stating that " categorically voiced stops and affricates are voiceless when in syllable initial position, except when preceded by a voiced sound?" Choose all that apply.
Splashdown
Rubdown-
Church-
Bellyache-
Jelly-
6. Doorknob
Splashdown- splash down- /d/ is in syllable position and it precedes a voiceless sound- therefore its voiceless.
Bellyache- belly ache- /b/ is in syllable initial, voiceless
Jelly- /ʤ/ is syllable initial, voiceless
Doorknob - /d/ is syllable initial, voiceless.
what about rub down?- Rubdown- rub down- /d/ is in syllable initial, proceeds a voiced /b/, its voiced.
Identify all of the words which would have a reduced vowel in General American English.
Secret
Chairman
Collapse
Pinecone
Nominal
Secretion
Totally
Triad
Committee
Maintain
Secret
Chairman
Collapse
Nominal
Secretion
Totally
Committee
5. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of regressive assimilation. Right to Left
yellow = /jɛjoʊ/
baker = /beɪpɚ/
can go = /kəŋgoʊ/
risked = /rɪst/
put my = /pʊpmaɪ/
rhythm = /rɪðəm/
- can go = /kəŋgoʊ/ - /g/ affects the /ŋ/- Right to left
- put my = /pʊpmaɪ/ - /m/ affects /p/- R to L
Which of the following English phonemes does not typically occur in Spanish (except perhaps as an allophone)?
/ŋ/
/s/
/k/
/d/
/w/
/ŋ/