Single System Design
In a multiple baseline design across behaviors, if you introduce the intervention for the first behavior and you see an improvement across all behaviors, this is most likely what?
What is a generalization of effect.
When you start with a few participants and ask each of them to refer additional people to the study, you are using this sampling strategy.
What is snowball sampling?
A flexible, open-ended interview format that allows participants to tell their stories in their own words, often used to explore complex experiences, is called this type of interview.
What is an unstructured interview?
Among mean, median, and mode, this measure of central tendency is the only one that can be meaningfully used with purely nominal data.
What is the mode?
To compare the average depression scores of two different groups of clients—one receiving a new intervention and one receiving usual care—you would most likely use this statistical test.
What is an independent samples t-test?
A single-system design with a stable baseline and a clear shifts between the baseline and intervention phases controls for what threats to internal validity?
What is statistical regression to the mean, history and maturation/passage of time.
If you want to ensure that your sample includes a specific proportion of hospital staff in each job category (e.g., nurses, social workers, physicians) and you randomly select within each category, you are using this probability sampling method.
What is stratified random sampling?
In qualitative research, the point at which additional interviews or observations no longer yield new themes or insights is known by this term.
What is saturation?
A researcher records “highest degree earned” using categories such as “no high school diploma,” “high school diploma,” “some college,” “bachelor’s degree,” and “graduate degree.” This variable is measured at this level.
What is the ordinal level of measurement?
You measure caregivers’ burden before and after a 10-week support group using the same scale. To test whether the average burden score changed over time, you would use this type of t-test.
What is a paired t-test?
In a single-system design, the baseline should be long enough to show a stable pattern of behavior, but also take into consideration these two practical considerations.
What are ethical constraints and feasibility?
A researcher is told to interview 100 people in a city, making sure that 30% are renters and 70% are homeowners, and simply approaches people in public places until those quotas are filled. This is an example of this nonprobability sampling method.
What is quota sampling?
A researcher conducts interviews, transcribes them into transcripts and analyzes data from the ground up to builds a theoretical explanation grounded in the data. This approach is called this.
What is grounded theory?
A survey asks respondents to indicate their agreement with a statement on a 5-point scale from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” This type of response scale is typically treated as this level of measurement.
What is ordinal?
A researcher wants to know whether there is a relationship between race/ethnicity (categorized) and whether someone has ever used a particular service (yes/no). This statistical test is appropriate for examining the association between these two categorical variables.
What is chi-square?
In a multiple baseline across settings for one client, if behavior improves in each setting only after the intervention is initiated in that setting, this alternative explanation is less likely to account for the change.
What is a history effect?
You have a list of 2,400 clients and want a systematic sample of 300. This number would be your sampling interval.
What is 8?
A researcher joins a community organizing group, participates in their meetings, and openly explains that they are there as a researcher. This role is referred to as this type of participant role.
What is participant-as-observer?
A variable records the number of therapy sessions attended, where 0 means no sessions and higher values indicate more sessions, and the differences between numbers are equal and meaningful. This is an example of this level of measurement.
What is ratio?
This type of error occurs when a researcher concludes that there is no effect or no relationship when, in reality, one does exist in the population.
What is a Type II error?
In an AB Single System Design, A refers to ___ and B refers to ___
What is Baseline and Intervention?
Compared with probability sampling, this is the main limitation of nonprobability sampling when you want to draw conclusions about an entire population.
What is limited generalizability, or the inability to estimate sampling error?
What is investigator triangulation, prolonged engagement, audit trail, confirmability audit, member checking, rich description, searching for negative evidence, use of reflexivity?
This is the lowest level of measurement at which there is an exact difference between attribute values.
What is Interval?
....for example IQ, the difference between scores of 95 and 100 is the seam difference between scores of 100 and 105.
In a study, the group receiving a new social work intervention shows better outcomes than the comparison group, but the difference is not statistically significant at the chosen alpha level. What must the researcher conclude about the cause of these results?
What is that the observed difference could be due to chance or sampling error, so we cannot conclude that the intervention was effective based on this test?
This occurs during an ABAB design when the intervention is withdrawn, but the change in the outcome variable does not trend back towards the original baseline.
What is an irreversible effect?
In general, as the sampling size increases, this decreases.
What is sampling error?
Qualitative data analysis will assist with all aspects of the process except...
What is identify key meaning units, themes and interpretation of deeper meaning.
This type of analysis examines the distribution of cases on two variables at a time.
What is bivariate?
This is the type of design used when you are not able to get a baseline, but you have based your intervention on the best available evidence.
What is a B+ Design
A response rate of at least 50 percent...
may have less value because the 50% who responded might be different than those who did not.
What is the name of the qualitative approach deeply explores the lives of study participants in their daily enviroments?
Ethnography
If the standard deviation equals 0, this means what?
What is there is no dispersion or variation around the mean?
This the following is an example of ______. You want to examine relationships between age, sex, time spent on social media and loneliness.
Multivariate