Chapter 2
what are isotopes?
same # of protons, different # of neutrons
draw an amino acid
H R O
N -- C -- C
H H OH
what is the name of the reaction that puts two monomers together?
condensation reaction
dehydration reaction
what types of cells are organelles found in?
eukaryotes
in a logical order, what are the 3 types of cytoskeletal elements?
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
what is a polar covalent bond?
unequal sharing of electrons
draw a triglyceride
glycerol
FA FA FA
where is cellulose found? what is its purpose?
plant cell walls, structure
what is the difference between a primary lysosome and a secondary lysosome?
primary lysosome = empty stomach
secondary lysosome = primary lysosome + full vesicle
+ and - end
+ end is dynamic, so monomers get added and removed from here
- end is stable
name 3 reasons water is important for life
chemical reactions
provides force/support
removes toxic waste components
evaporative cooling (sweating)
cohesion and adhesion
surface tension
lubrication
binds to macromolecules
draw ATP
correct
name the levels of protein structure
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
what is a lumen?
what is the motor protein of microtubules?
ice floats on water. why? what benefits come from this?
ice is less dense than water
insulation for organisms living underwater so they can survive during cold times
draw a tripeptide
correct
fatty acid tails can vary in ____ and _____
length and saturation
what is compartmentalization?
specialization of organelles
different functions/processes happen in different locations
name one intermediate filament protein that we discussed
keratin
lamin
what is the difference in H+ (proton) concentration in a solution with a pH of 5 and a solution with a pH of 7?
the pH=5 solution has 100x more H+ than the one with pH=7
draw a trimer of DNA with the bases T, A, and G
good job
what are the two classes of nitrogenous bases?
purines and pyrimidines
which organelles make up the endomembrane system?
ER and golgi
in order to walk, motor proteins have to use ____
ATP