Widely held beliefs about characteristics deemed appropriate for males and females, respectively.
What are gender stereotypes
100
Cognitive developmental theory maintains that self-perceptions come before behavior and that over the preschool years, children develop _____ _____, which is a full understanding of the biologically based permanence of their gender.
What is gender constancy
100
Children first acquire the skills for interacting with peers here.
What is within the family.
100
Increases in ________ and __________ are benefits of a constructivist classroom.
What are critical thinking and moral maturity.
200
Traits emphasizing warmth, caring, and sensitivity; these traits have been viewed as feminine
What are expressive traits
200
The degree to which the child feels satisfied with his or her gender assignment.
What is gender contentedness
200
Eva plays near other children with similar interests, but does not try to influence their behavior. She is involved in _________ play.
What is parallel play.
200
Media violence is related to this negative behavioral outcome.
What is aggression.
300
Gender stereotyping of activities and occupations is well established by age...
What is age 5
300
Adolescence is typically accompanied by _____ _____, which is increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior and movement toward a more traditional gender identity.
What is gender intensification
300
Rough and tumble play may help children establish ____________, a stable ordering of group members that predicts who will win when conflict arises.
What is a dominance hierarchy.
300
In _____ teachers guide the learning process, but adults and children are equal contributors.
What are communities of learning.
400
By age ___, same-sex peers positively reinforce one another for "gender-appropriate" play and criticize one another for "cross-gender play."
What is age 3
400
Information-processing approach that explains how environmental pressures and children's cognitions work together to shape gender typing.
What is gender schema theory
400
The _______ not the amount of solidarity and parallel play changes during early childhood.
What is the type.
400
There is a(n) ________ relationship between the amount of television watched and socioeconomic status.
What is inverse.
500
Research looking at children from larger families have found a _____ _____, reflecting the need of children in larger families to find a way to stand out.
What is differentiation effect
500
Sally saw on Snapchat that all her friends went out to Joshua Tree without her. They have been excluding her from plans and leaving her out of conversations. Her "friends" have also been tweeting nasty things that she thinks are about her. But, they are still polite to her in person. Sally is experiencing...
What is relational aggression
500
Name the four main categories of peer acceptance.
What are rejected children, neglected children, popular children, and controversial children.
500
A benefit of adolescents engaging in frequent online interactions with friends is __________.