1
DI S/S
frequent urination
polydipsia - thirsty
dry skin
dehydration
SS for Cushing's
weight gain (moon face, buffalo hump)
hirsutism, skin changes
anxiety, agitation
high bp
"swollen with water, washed away"
SIADH
What is GDM?
Impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy
Second and third trimesters
TIA (transient ischemic attacks)
Hint: 'T' think temporary
TEMPORARY blood flow block to brain
In DI, which hormone keeps water in?
ADH or antidiuretic hormone
Body's "water retention switch" is damaged
What is Cushing's syndrome?
Hint: C stands for Cortisol
excessive cortisol d/t pituitary adenomas, adrenal tumors, or ectopic ACTH production
T1DM what is it?
autoimmune disorder
immune sx attacks pancreatic beta cells --> no insulin production
GDM T/F: fetus is often LARGE for gestational age
TRUE
TIA cause
blood clot, narrowed arteries,
NOT BLEEDING
T/F: DI has nothing to do w/ glucose
TRUE
SIADH S/S
Fluid retention
hyponatremia (low sodium)
HA, nausea, confusion
T1DM s/s
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia; (extreme thirst, frequent urination, hunger)
unexplained weight loss, fatigue, irritability
Consequences of GDM
hypoglycemia
large-for-gestational-age infants
fetal defects, and premature delivery
Ischemic stroke
What are the two types?
1. thrombotic, ~40% of all cases, d/t blood clot forming in one of the blood vessels of the brain, fatty deposits
2. Embolic, ~20% of all strokes, blood clot formed in another area of body travels to brain vessels
"Always drinking, always dry"
Hint: Dr. Tehrani dx'd w/ this in the past
DI
SIADH tx
Fluid restriction
salt supplementation
careful diuretic use to manage hyponatremia
T2DM s/s
slow healing wounds, frequent infx, darkened skin (acanthosis nigricans)
Cushing's Triad
bradycardia
HTN
bradypnea or irregular respirations
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
blood vessels in the brain rupture and bleeds
forms hematoma
TOO MANY STEROIDS!
"Excess is the Norm"
Cushings
Excessive ADH despite low osmolarity
d/t lung cancer, CNS issues, SSRIs
SIADH
what is T2DM?
insulin resistance --> insufficient insulin production
What is the ischemic penumbra
region of the brain that surrounds the core area of a stroke
brain cells are still alive, there is a risk of dying if blood flow is not restored
penumbra can be reversed
normal ranges for:
temp, pulse, respirations, BP
Temp: 97-99°F
Pulse: 60-100 beats/minute
Respirations: 12-20 breaths/minute
BP: 120/80 mmHg