Dehydration
What is dehydration
What a lack of fluid in the body from insufficient intake or excessive loss
What is ICF and ECF
What is intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
Sodium (Na)
What is 135 - 145 meq/L
What are nursing assessments for fluid volume
Daily weights (I&O), lab tests
cardio monitoring
respiratory monitoring
skin monitoring
patient safety
Whay is hyponatremia and how is it treated
What is a low level of sodium
it is treated by fluid restriction, diuretics, and hypertonic solution
What are common cause of dehydration
What perspiration, high fever, and diabetes insipidus
What is a hypertonic solution?
What is a solution that has higher osmolarity than serum
What does Calcium (Ca) do?
3 B's
What is Bone strength, blood clotting, beats/muscle-cardiac and skeletal
What nursing interventions should you do for a patient suffering from hypermagnesemia
What is .....
Avoid food/medication rich in Mg
increase diuretics to promote urinary excretion of Mg
Possible dialysis
Give calcium gluconate to oppose the effects of excess Mg on the heart muscle)
What is hyperphosphatemia and what causes it
What is elevated phosphate levels greater than 4.5mg/dL
caused by:
acute/chronic kidney injury
Excessive phosphate intake (use of phosphate containing laxatives/enemas
Shift from ICF to ECF (with rhabdomyolysis
weight gain, peripheral edema, JVD, bound pulse, increased BP, and polyuria are all manifestations of what?
What is Hypervolemia
What is osmosis?
What is the process by which water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane
Sodium (Na) works hand in hand with what other electrolyte?
What is Chloride
What nursing interventions are required for someone with hypercalcemia
What is
monitor respirations, neuro, renal, GI status
stop medications and restrict CA intake
maintain adequate hydration
if severe, monitor cardiac status
administer isotonic solution
What is hypovolemia
fluid volume deficit, loss of both fluid and electrolytes
The average person's weight is how much water
What is one-half to two-thirds water
What is osmolality
What is Measures the concentration of molecules per weight of water
What does potassium (K) do?
What is
Maintains hear and muscle contractions
Imbalance affects neuromuscular function
Kidneys are the primary route of K excretion
Diet is the main source of K intake
Patient has a contraction of a facial muscle in response to a light tap over the facial nerve
What is Chvostek's sign
What is
kidney/renal loss, diuretics
low Mg levels
diarrhea, vomiting
too much water intake
prolonged use of IV fluids with out K supplement
What hormone does the pituitary gland secrete to stimulate the brain to tell the body it needs water
What is Vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone)
Name 2 fluid imbalances that the nurse should be familiar with
What is...
Fluid volume deficit and fluid volume excess
Which electrolye has an inverse relationship with phosphorous?
What is Calcium
A patient who has a NG tube to low intermittent suction is at risk for
What is ...
hypovolemia due to excess fluid loss
What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia
What is
muscle cramps
increased deep tendon reflex
diarrhea and abdominal pain
increased and peaked T waves