Hypovolemia/ Hypervolemia
Which one will the diagnostics show low H/H, low osomolality, low BUN, and hypoalbuminemia
Hypervolemia
Which imbalance is commonly caused by VitD deficiency, ↓parathyroid function, Malnutrition, Diarrhea, Renal Fx?
hypocalcemia
What imbalance goes with this teaching/ prevention?
-IV Calcium gluconate, Loop Diuretics, IV Fluids (NS, LR)
Hypermagnesmia
Which imbalance does the S&S include: ↓DTR, thirst, dry mucous membranes, ↑specific gravity, flushed skin, ↓UOP
Hypernatremia
levels <135 and what is the normal range
hyponatremia (low sodium)
(135-145)
Name the two isotonic fluids and which one do you treat with isotonic fluid?
- Hypovolemia
Which imbalance is commonly caused by ↓dietary intake/ intestinal absorption, excessive antacid use?
Hypophosphatemia (low phosphorus)
What imbalance goes with this teaching?
- Avoid meats, nuts, high protein, cheese, dairy; Phosphate binders
Hyperphosphatemia
Which imbalance do the S&S include: ↑DTR, Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, Hypoactive BS, Constipation, Combative/irritable, vertigo, ↑BP, ↑HR, VFib
Hypomagnesemia
levels >10.2 and whats the normal range
Hypercalcemia (high calcium)
(8.6-10.2)
Hypo or hyper? common causes: Kidney Dx, Heart Failure, Cirrhosis, Adrenal Gland Disorder, Corticosteroids, Excessive IVF
Hypervolemia
Surgical pt, Extreme temp/exercise, psychogenic polydipsia, N/V/D, too much Hypotonic fluids
What do you wanna teach a pt with hypokalemia?
Eat fruits, potatoes, nuts, don’t abuse laxatives
What imbalance do the S&S include: Palpitations, PVCs, EKG Changes, Cramping, Muscle weakness, Weak accessory muscles, cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia
hypokalemia (low potassium)
(3.5-5.0)
What are at least 5 S&S of hypovolemia?
hyperthermia, tachycardia, thready pulse, ↓
BP, orthostatic BP, acute weight loss, oliguria,
↓ cap refill, sunken eyeballs, poor skin turgor,
flat neck veins, syncope
What is the common cause of hyperchloremia?
Excessive use of Cl containing fluids
What do you wanna teach a pt with hypocalcemia?
IV Calcium Gluconate, Smoking cessation, Limit caffeine and alcohol, Treat low Mag
Which imbalance do the S&S include: Tingling fingers/ Mouth/feet, tetany, +Trousseau’s sign, +Chvostek’s sign, coarse hair, brittle nails, dry skin
Hypocalcemia
levels >2.3 and what are the normal ranges
Hypermagnesemia (high magnesium)
(1.3-2.3)
Name the 6 thing to assess for a pt with hypervolemia.
I/O’s, daily weight, lung sounds, heart
sounds, VS, medication compliance
What are the 5 common causes of hypokalemia?
GI Loss, NG Suctioning, Diuretics, PCN, Corticosteroids
What is the nursing teaching to prevent/ treatment for hyperkalemia?
IV diuretics (Lasix, Bumex), Kayexalate, IVP Calcium gluconate, IV sodium bicarb/Insulin/Dextrose 5%
Name the S&S for hyperkalemia.
EKG Changes, Slow irregular pulse, ↓BP, Oliguria, Paresthesia
levels >107 and what are the normal ranges
Hyperchloremia (high choride)
(97-107)