Acid-Base
Some Electrolytes
A Lil More Electrolytes
Fluid Imbalance
GU Issues
Food Choices
100
Patients with ESRD and uncontrolled diabetes are at risk for this acid-base imbalance.
What is metabolic acidosis?
100
ST segment depression on an EKG could be a sign of this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hypokalemia?
100
Furosemide can be used to treat elevations in this electrolyte?
What is potassium?
100
This measurement is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss of fluid loss for infants and small children.
What is body weight?
100
A clean-catch urine specimen should be collected at this time.
What is midstream?
100
Pickled beets are rich in this electrolyte
What is sodium?
200
You notice your patient eating these like candy, and they state "I could eat the whole bottle! They taste so good!" You explain to them they better not do that, because they will be at risk for ____________ .
What is metabolic alkalosis?
200
A patient with severe hypernatremia should be placed on __________ precautions.
What is seizure?
200
Hypokalemia places patients at high risk for toxicity of this antiarrhythmic drug.
What is digitalis (Digoxin)?
200
This fluid shares the same osmolality or concentration as the body's plasma, therefore result in no shift in fluid compartments.
What are isotonic fluids?
200
This waste product results from protein breakdown, changes in amount in blood are highly dependent on renal function.
What is creatinine?
200
These are full of this electrolyte.
What is potassium?
300
What is metabolic acidosis?
300
IV Insulin helps to correct this electrolyte imbalance forcing the cation back into the intracellular space.
What is hyperkalemia?
300
Metabolic acidosis usually leads to this potassium imbalance.
What is hyperkalemia?
300
The osmolality of these fluids are lower than that of the body's plasma, resulting in a fluid shift from the extracellular space to the intracellular space.
What are hypotonic fluids?
300
This is a medical term for bedwetting.
What is enuresis?
300
If Jason has the munchies and hits up all the local restaurants in his neighborhood, consuming these foods, he is likely to end up with this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hypernatremia?
400
What is respiratory acidosis?
400
A positive Chvostek's sign is indicative of ___________.
What is hypocalcemia?
400
_____magnesemia results in increased nerve excitation resulting in paresthesia and hyperreflexia.
What is hypo
400
This is a shift in fluids from an area of low concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
What is osmosis?
400
All of these patients/conditions will place the patient at risk for this kidney infection.
What is pyelonephritis?
400
This melon is rich in this electrolyte.
What is potassium?
500
What is respiratory alkalosis?
500
Alcoholism places patients at risk for this magnesium imbalance.
What is hypomagnesemia?
500
Spironolactone use places patients at risk for this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hyperkalemia.
500
Aside from body weight and vital signs, monitoring/measurement of this can give a good indication of fluid balance.
Hint: It does not require nursing skills.
What is intake and output?
500
BPH can lead to what type of acute renal failure?
What is postrenal?
500
Persons with this electrolyte imbalance should avoid these.
What is hypernatremia?
600
What is metabolic alkalosis?
600
Tapping the cheek lightly to assess for muscle twitching in the mouth is known as ___________ sign.
What is Chvostek's sign?
600
What is Trousseau's sign?
600
D5W is ordered for your patient with 3 days history of vomiting and diarrhea. This is considered (a)n_________ solution.
What is isotonic?
600
This simple lab test should be performed on an infant with decreased PO intake and irritability or an elderly patient with new onset confusion.
What is a urinalysis?
600
Your patient's most recent labs indicate a serum potassium level of 5.5mEq/L. She wants to know if she can eat this for lunch. Your answer is this.
Your patient's most recent labs indicate a serum potassium level of 5.5mEq/L. She wants to know if she can eat this for lunch. Your answer is this.
700
What is respiratory acidosis?
700
Deep tendon reflexes will be _________ with patients with hypomagnesemia.
What is increased (hyperreflexia)?
700
Calcium has an ________ relationship with phosphorus, meaning with calcium goes ____ , phosphorus goes _____ .
What are inverse, up and down (or down and up)?
700
An infant with a prolonged fever is going to be at risk for fluid volume excess due to this type of fluid loss.
What is insensible?
700
SLE, pyelonephritis, and poisoning all can lead to this type of kidney failure.
What is intrinsic or intrarenal?
700
If my feet look like this, I probably need to maintain this type of diet.
What is a low sodium diet?
800
What is respiratory acidosis?
800
Your patient is admitted due to intractable vomiting, this EKG finding is found in patients with low potassium or hypokalemia.
What is a u-wave?
800
Corticosteroid use can lead to this imbalance in potassium.
What is hypokalemia?
800
This solution would likely be used to treat a patient with a sodium of 158 mEq/L.
What is hypotonic?
800
A child presents with facial edema, decreased urine output, and hematuria following a recent strep throat infection. These 2 things are being restricted in the patient's diet to reduce edema and prevent further complications.
What is sodium and fluids?
800
My patient is on a renal diet and is trying to select the best side choice for his next meal. This selection is the only appropriate choice. ( Dried apricots, rice, mashed potatoes, or sweet potatoes with raisins)
What is rice?
900
Mr. Jefferson was admitted to the hospital 3 days ago with partial SBO. He was placed on an NPO diet with NG tube inserted in ER and IV fluids infusing with hopes of the obstruction correcting itself. He complains of numbness and tingling around his mouth and in his extremities. Which labs below would you expect when the MD orders ABGs to be drawn:
A. pH 7.49, pO2 80, pCO2 33, HCO3 26
B. pH 7.51, pO2 62, pCO2 49, HCO3 20
C. pH 7.47, pO2 91, pCO2 35, HCO3 29
D. pH 7.33, pO2 73, pCO2 50, HCO3 33
What is C ? pH and Bicarb are high
900
Use of lithium for bipolar disorder can place the patient at risk for this sodium imbalance.
What is hyponatremia?
900
Vitamin D deficiency places patients at risk for this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hypocalcemia?
900
These fluids should be administered cautiously, as they place the patient at risk for cerebral edema.
What are hypotonic fluids?
900
A client with ESRD is being treated with peritoneal dialysis. He is notices dialysate that is clear in color and less than instilled, experiencing abdominal pain and nausea and noted a 2lb weight loss since last week.
The patient's wife knows she must report this symptom above to the physician immediately.
What is nausea and abdominal pain?
(signs of peritonitis)
900
A person with this condition should avoid these items below.
What is urolithiasis?
(Items to avoid on a low calcium oxalate diet)
1000
What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
1000
This medication is the antidote for magnesium toxicity.
What is calcium gluconate?
1000
SIADH is associated with this abnormality in sodium.
What is hyponatremia?
1000
Christmas was 2 days ago and Mr Rodriguez, your current dialysis patient presents with anasarca (generalized edema) and shortness of breath after eating a high sodium, high fat diet for the past few days. You weigh him and note he has had a 3.5kg weight gain! How many milliliters (mL) of fluid has he gained?
3500mL is the answer
1L = 1kg
3.5L = 3500mL
1000
A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who has had 160 mL of urine output over the past 8 hr period. The child weighs 33 lb. The nurse should do this.
What is continue to monitor the patient?
(urine output for children should be at least 1mL/kg/hr, therefore this patient has normal output for his weight)
1000
Grandma Myrtis has just prepared lunch for herself. Besides sodium, what cation are these foods rich in? (Canned salmon and dark green leafy collard greens)
What is calcium?