Symptoms
patient is exhibiting shortness of breath, dizziness, muscle weakness, yellowing of skin, what disease are these symptoms related to?
nutritional anemia
possible treatments for ARI's
- anti-biotics
- over the counter medications
- fluid and electrolyte support
- steroids
(multiple answers)this disease is caused by a bacteria prevalent in poorly sanitized areas.
Typhoid Fever
the patient is showing multiple symptoms related to malaria, what test do you perform to confirm?
rapid diagnostic test or blood film
what age and gender carry the highest cases of typhoid fever
males and people ages 5-19 years old
headache, rose-spots, sore throat, and diarrhea are symptoms of what disease
Typhoid fever
blood transfusion is a treatment for which disease?
anemia
how does someone become infected with malaria?
transmission of blood due to the anopheles mosquito
name two prevention options for nutritional anemia both health and specific...
Health:
Adequate nutrition
Health education
Breastfeeding and appropriate weaning diet
Iron rich foods
Increase ascorbic acid
Nutritional supplementation
Specific:
Food fortification
National nutritional anemia prophylaxis program (NNAPP)
National nutritional anemia control program (NNACP)
The elemental iron was increased from 60 mg to 100mg per tablet in 1992
what factors effect ARI's
name 3
Nature of infectious agent
Size and frequency of dose
Age of child
Size of child
Ability to resist invading organisms
Presence of great conditions
Presence of disorders affecting respiratory tract
Seasons
name at least 3 symptoms of uncomplicated malaria
Intermittent Fever
Headache
Rigors
Myalgia
Weakness
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhoea
Besides antibiotic medications, name two treatments for typhoid fever
1. maintaining proper hydration
2. appropriate nutrition
3. antimicrobial therapy/ optimal therapy
defective metabolism, diminished intake/absorption, and infections are causes of what disease
Nutritional anemia
the baseline definition of ARI's (Acute Respiratory Tract Infection) is?
inflammation of respiratory tract infection anywhere from the nose to alveoli
name 2 of the higher risk groups for malaria
1. infants/ children below 5
2. pregnant women
3. patients with HIV/AIDS / immuno-compromised
4. mobile populations and travelers
nutritional anemia is malnutrition with a deficiency of what four things?
- iron
- B12
- protein
- folate
what are the treatments associated with mild, moderate, and severe anemia?
mild- oral iron therapy
moderate- parenteral iron therapy
severe- blood transfusion
name two transmission methods of ARI's
- direct contact
- hand-shakes
- infectious droplets
- kissing/ shared saliva (possibly through shared drinks)
what is the incubation period for typhoid fever
around 10-14 days
name 3 risk factors for anemia
- age: elderly, teenager, widow, immigrant
- diet: low iron & Vitamin C, excessive tea/coffee/phytate, fad diets
-social: poverty, alcohol abuse, depression, candle burning, poor detention, GIT disease
name 3 symptoms of complicated maleria
Life threatening
Prostration
Cerebral malaria (unarousable coma)
Severe anaemia (haemoglobin<6g/dl)
Kidney failure
Pulmonary edema
Circulatory collapse
Repeated seizures etc.
name 2 treatments for maleria
Treatment: avoid monotherapy
Uncomplicate: Artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) e.g
Artemether: lumefantrine (CoArtem)
Artesunate: Amodiaquine
Complicated
IV Artesunate
IV Quinine
Supportive therapy
name 2 prevention methods for typhoid fever
- immunization
- hand-washing
- control of sanitation
- control of reservoirs, cases, & carriers
name the grading associated with each degree of anemia
11-14 gm/dl (normal)
9-11gm (mild)
7-9gm (moderate)
Less than 7gm (severe)