Cognition
Thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgment, and memory.
What is cognition?
This is another word for a mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem.
What is a heuristic?
Focusing only on information that confirms your beliefs.
What is confirmation bias?
The words of a given language.
What is lexicon?
Category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences
What is a concept?
The inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended
What is functional fixedness?
The belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t
What is hindsight bias?
This is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.
What is a morpheme?
This is the best representation of a concept.
What is a prototype?
Problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions.
What is an algorithm?
When you make a decision or judgment based on perceived similarity to existing stereotypes or prior beliefs, you are engaging in this type of bias.
What is representative bias?
The extension of a rule that exists in a given language to an exception to the rule.
What is overgeneralization?
A set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as a cognitive script
What is an event schema?
Continually using an old solution to a problem without results.
What is a mental set?
This bias leads people to believe that the information that most easily comes to mind must be the most common or the most important, even when it isn’t.
The set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon
What is grammar?
Providing correct or established answers to problems
What is convergent thinking?
The Pennies Problem is a demonstration of how to use this type of problem solving.
What is working backwards?
When you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution, you are engaging in this type of bias.
What is anchoring bias?
A communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another