Mendelian Genetics
How many genetically different gametes could be formed by an AaBBccDd individual?
4
When a circular DNA gets underrotated by the action of cellular enzymes, the DNA is said to exhibit ________________?
Negative supercoiling
Heavily methylated DNA is associated with ____________________ of transcription.
repression
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation using p’s and q’s?
p2+2pq+q2=1
There are how many classes of viruses according to the Baltimore classification system?
7
If only 90% of the individuals carrying a dominant mutant allele show the mutant phenotype, the gene is said to show reduced what?
Penetrance
Three ways eukaryotic pre-mRNA is modified includes:
splicing, 5’ cap, and poly A tail
A mutation in which a T becomes an A is considered a ____________________.
Transversion
What is the most common B-RAF mutation in cancer?
V600E or glutamic acid for valine
True or False? Generally dsDNA and ssDNA (BCI and BCII) viruses use the host’s DNA polymerase.
True
An environmentally caused trait that appears to be inherited is called a (an)?
Phenocopy
This synthesizes RNA primer for DNA replication:
Primase
What does SNP stand for?
single nucleotide polymorphism
Name one type of genes that is affected in early development of fruit flies
maternal-effect gene, segmentation gene, or pattern-formation gene
Which class(es) of viruses can be treated with RdRp small molecule inhibitors?
BCIV and BCV (potentially BCIII)
In meiosis, crossing-over between non-sister chromatids occurs during which phase?
Prophase I
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the:
nucleus
Following depurination, the most commonly added nucleotide is a(an):
Adenine
___________________ genes assign a particular developmental fate to each segment
Pattern formation genes
RIG-I can detect which types of RNA viruses?
ssRNA
____________ is the effect when two genes interact:
Epistasis
The enzyme involved in amino acid tRNA charging is _____________.
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
How does mismatch repair in E.coli distinguish between old and new strands of DNA?
methyl groups on the old strand
Name the three types of genetic mechanisms that create diversity in immunoglobulins.
V(D)J recombination (somatic recombination)
Somatic hypermutation
Class switching recombination
Transcriptionally, structural genes of DNA viruses are typically produced in the __________ phase.
Late