Appendix A: Acute problems
Hepato-what now?
Bugs in the Belly
50 shades of red flags
CT me maybe
100
A 30 year old woman has chest pain after prolonged bouts of vomiting after binge drinking
What is Boerhaave syndrome?
100
Alcohol and gallstones account for most cases of this condition
What is pancreatitis?
100
Diarrhea after recent antibiotics should raise suspicion for this pathogen
What is C. difficile
100
Black tarry stool indicates bleeding proximal to this anatomic landmark
What is the ligament of Treitz
100
MCC of surgical abdomen in the US
What is appendicitis?
200
Referred shoulder pain from diaphragmatic irritation typically localizes here
What is the shoulder?
sign-Kehr's
200
This is the classic picture for acute cholecystitis
What is RUQ pain, GB wall>5mm, perichol fluid, gallstones
200
This bacteria is often linked to undercooked poultry, causing fever abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea
What is Campylobacter?
200
Common cause of painless BRRB
What are hemorrhoids?
200
Cullen and Grey-Turner signs indicate internal bleeding often caused by this condition
What is hemorrhagic pancreatitis
300
HALO sign on plain radiography suggests ingestion of this
What is a button battery ingestion?
300
Asterixis is typically seen in this liver-related syndrome
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
300
This protozoan causes prolonged watery diarrhea and is associated with contaminated lakes and "beaver fever"
What is Giardia lambda?
300
A patient has melanotic stool, BUN/creatinine ratio>30 and HCT <20
What is an upper GI bleed?
300
Severe pain out of proportion to exam is a hallmark of this condition
What is Mesenteric ischemia
400
This is the most common spot for food bolus to get lodged
What is lower esophageal sphincter (T10-T11)
400
This condition accounts for RUQ pain, fever and jaundice?
What is ascending cholangitis?
400
This invasive pathogen causes dysentery can trigger HUS and carries the highest risk when associated with serotype 0157:H7
What is Shiga-toxin producing E coli?
What do antibiotics do to this condition?
400
This is the treatment regimen for ruptured varicose
What is Octreotide, balloon tamponade, end band prophylactic antibiotics and blood
400
A 70 male presents with sudden onset abdominal pain with guarding and rebound. His diagnosis is likely this.
What is an anterior bowel perforation?
500
These items must be removed via emergent endoscopy
What are button batteries in the esophagus, double magnets, sharp objects, objects >5cm long and >2cm wide
500
This indicates high infectivity of Hepatitis B
HBeAg
500
In patients with CD4<50, this acid fast protozoan causes profuse watery diarrhea and oocytes can be detected with modified Kinyoun stain.
What is Cryptosporidium?
500
Painless large-volume hematochezia with hypotension and a history of CV disease raises a red flag for this catastrophic etiology.
What is an aortoenteric fistula?
500
These granulocyte and PMN counts on ascitic fluid suggest SBP
What is >500/mm3 and >250 cells/mm3