Anatomy & Embryology
Passing through the epiploic foramen will take you into this space that sits behind the stomach
Omental Bursa (lesser sac)
What cell secretes HCl and intrinsic factor for B12 absorption?
Parietal cell
What organism causes "rice-water" stools?
Vibrio Chloerae
What hormone released from duodenal M cells stimulates the migrating motor complex during fasting?
Motilin
McBurney's point is the surface marking for the appendix. Where is it?
Gastrin from G cells stimulates acid indirectly by causing which cell to release histamine?
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Traveller’s diarrhoea from ETEC is what type of diarrhoea? Why?
Secretory - active electrolyte secretion into the lumen
What pacemaker cells spontaneously depolarise but never reach the threshold alone?
Interstitial cells of Cajal
What is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the small intestine from the posterior wall, carrying its blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves?
Mesentery
In Barrett's oesophagus, what is the change in epithelium? What cancer type does this raise the risk of?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous -> simple columnar.
Adenocarcinoma
Campylobacter infection can cause what syndrome 10-14 days after infection?
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Loperamide binds to which receptors in the myenteric plexus to reduce the release of which neurotransmitter?
Mu-opioid receptors, acetylcholine
What 2 parts of the colon have their own mesocolon and are fully intraperitoneal?
Transverse and sigmoid colon
1-3%
What gram-positive anaerobic bacteria spores survive with improper refrigeration causing toxins in the food?
Clostridium perfringens
What muscle relaxes, straightening the anorectal angle to allow voluntary defecation?
Puborectalis muscle
The ventral mesentery is derived from what structure?
Septum Transversum
What class of drugs create a mechanical barrier that suppresses the gastric reflux at the lower oesophageal sphincter?
Alginate-antacid combination (Alginates)
What is the complication of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that occurs in 5% of cases?
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (= Acute renal failure)
Targin treats opioid-induced constipation by pairing oxycodone with which antagonist?
Naloxone