DNA Replication/ Repair/ Recombination
Most accurate form of double stranded break repair
What is homologous recombination?
The spliceosome is a complex of small nuclear rnas (snrnas) and proteins that remove introns from eukaryotic pre-mrnas and join the exons together.
What is the spliceosome?
The sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that specify a single amino acid.
What is a codon?(It is complementary to the anticodon on the cloverleaf shaped tRNA’s middle loop)
This molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome and serves as the template for protein synthesis.
What is mRNA?
Okazaki fragments are short DNA segments that are discontinuously synthesized on the lagging strand. After synthesis they are joined by DNA ligase.
What are okazaki fragments?
Transcription Factor that recruits RNA polymerase II to promotor (BRE element sequence recognition)
What is general transcription factor B?
This adaptor RNA carries an amino acid to the ribosome and uses its anticodon to pair with a complementary mRNA codon.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
The enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, (Okazaki fragments) on the lagging strand.
What is DNA ligase? (not DNA Pol who instead can extend a primer)
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork by disrupting the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
What is helicase?
This modified guanine nucleotide structure is added to the 5′ end of a eukaryotic pre-mRNA, helping protect the RNA from degradation and supporting translation initiation.
What is the 5′ cap (7-methylguanosine cap)?
Charges tRNA with their specific amino acid during protein synthesis.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthase?
An RNA molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction, such as the ribosomal RNA responsible for peptide bond formation, is called this.
What is a ribozyme?
The first enzyme involved in BER (base excision repair)?
What is DNA glycosylase? (It recognizes and removes the damaged base)
During transcription, this enzyme reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
What is RNA polymerase?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes that utilize atp to attach the correct amino acid to each tRNA prior to participation of the tRNA in translation.
What are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
Using energy from ATP hydrolysis, these proteins allow newly synthesized proteins to obtain their optimal 3-D configuration.
What are molecular chaperones?
Group of proteins that form a protective cap on the end of telomeres, keeping them from being mistaken for damaged chromosomes
What is shelterin?
Which 2 enzymes are used in both replication and repair?
What is DNA polymerase,and DNA Ligase?
(DNA pol can synthesize DNA to match the template, Ligase can repair breaks)
During translation, these three RNA codons signal the ribosome to terminate protein synthesis.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
A single nucleotide is deleted near the beginning of a protein-coding sequence. Codon grouping downstream from deletion site is altered and a premature stop codon may result.
What is a frameshift mutation?