Growth Patterns
Motor Skills
The PIES-M Areas
Erikson & Vygotsky
Piaget
100

Development that moves from the head down to the feet.

Cephalocaudal

100

These motor skills involve large muscles like legs and arms.

Gross Motor Skills

100

This area of development is the process of learning right from wrong.

Moral

100

The name of Erikson’s theory which has 8 stages.

Psychosocial Development

100

The name of Piaget’s theory.

Cognitive Development Theory

200

Development that moves from the center of the body outward.

Proximodistal

200

These motor skills involve small muscles like fingers and toes.

Fine Motor Skills

200

This area involves how one learns, gains information, and understands.

Cognitive

200

Erikson’s first stage for infants where they decide if the world is safe.

Trust vs Mistrust

200

The stage where infants learn about the world through their 5 senses.

Sensorimotor Stage

300

This pattern explains why a baby rolls over before they can walk.

Simple-to-Complex

300

Using scissors or buttoning a shirt is an example of this skill type.

Fine Motor Skills

300

This is the best way for adults to teach moral development to children.

Modeling

300

Vygotsky believed children do NOT develop in this "lonely" state.

Isolation

300

The stage where toddlers and preschoolers begin to use symbols and language.

Pre-operational Stage 

400

True or False: Every child develops at the exact same rate.

False
400

This is the age range where a child's physical development is most rapid.

The First 3 years
400

Learning to interact with others and moving away from being self-centered.

Social Development

400

Erikson’s second stage where toddlers want to do things for themselves.

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt 

400

A 2-year-old child is learning to use the toilet by themselves. According to Erikson, they are in the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. According to Piaget’s theory, what stage of cognitive development is this same child likely in while they are mastering this new "symbolic" task?

The Preoperational Stage (Toddlers/Preschoolers)

500

Near-to-Far means an infant controls this body part before they control their fingers.

Arms

500

A "sensory stimulating" environment primarily promotes the development of this organ.

The Brain

500

Because one area of development affects the others, we say the 5 areas are

Interrelated

500

Vygotsky believed these two things (starting with S and C) shape a person's thinking.

Society and Culture

500

Piaget’s theory specifically identifies how these types of "skills" are developed.

Cognitive skills

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