Anatomy
Function
Diseases
Chance
Miscellaneous
100
What makes up the GU system?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder,1 urethra, 1 urinary meatus
100
What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
Nephron
100
Bladder infection is called
Cystitis
100
How much urine can the bladder hold?
500-1000ml
100
Explain Hemodialysis
For CKF, need a fistula to access, blood is taken out and put thru a dialyzer to filter it and make it clean and given back to the pt thru a different tube, done 3 days a week
200
What sit atop each kidney?
The adrenal glands
200
What is the path of urine formation?
Renal pelvis (kidney), ureter, bladder, urethra, urinary meatus
200
Hydronephrosis
too much water in and around the kidneys
200
If someone had their bladder removed, how would they "pee"?
They would get a urostomy
200
How big are the kidneys?
4.5 inches long
300
How long is each ureter?
10-12 inches
300
Why is a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significant clinically?
Because as we age and GFR decreases, it means we do not metabolize medications as well and we could OD or at least do damage to our body since the kidney is not working at an optimal level.
300
an infection of the kidney and Urinary tract is called
Pyelonephritis
300
What happens when intake exceeds output for a significant amount of time?
Edema or 3rd spacing
300
How much urine do they make daily?
1-2 L
400
How long is the urethra? (inches) male and female
8; 1.5-2 inches
400
What does Erythropoetin do?
It stimulates the bones to make more RBCs. 
400
Tell me 3 different specific things that can cause ARF
Chemicals/drugs, severe dehydration or blood loss, Heart failure
400
How much blood do the kidney's receive?
20-25% of blood pumped by the heart
400
Explain the use of a drug called Lasix, which is a diuretic. What does it do and why would a pt need it?
Lasix is a diuretic. It makes the body produce more urine for those pt's with edema or fluid around their heart/lungs.
500
Name the parts of each nephron?
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule.
500
List 4 functions of the GU system
Production of urine, excretion of urine/waste, aids in, elimination from bladder where it is stored maintaining acid-base balance, produce the hormone renin that regulates BP, Produce Erythropoetin
500
Name 2 things that can cause CRF
Diabetes, long term HTN
500
Name 3 effects of aging on the GU system
decreased GFR, incontinence, glucose reabsorption decreases, kidneys shrink, kidneys cant remove as much waste, loss of muscle tone in the bladder
500
Describe the 2 types of kidney donor and the major concern of the recipient.
Living and Deceased; rejection of the kidney.
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