The Basics
Passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
Heredity
A recessive allele is represented by a __________ letter, while dominant allele is represented by a __________ letter.
lowercase and uppercase
The factors that control a trait
Genes
An organism's genetic arrangement, or allele combinations
Genotype
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
Different characteristics such as color and height are called ...
Traits
Organisms that have inherited two different forms of the same trait, one from each parent
Hybrid
When a gene is not dominant or recessive, but both genes are expressed it's called
Codominant
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
Phenotype
Allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Dominant
The scientific study of heredity is called ...
Genetics
Give an example of how genetic engineering can be helpful
Medicines, creating disease resistant plants, make food more nutritious, plant producing its own pesticide.
Purposefully changing a gene in an organism or moving a gene to another organism is called what?
Genetic Engineering
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
25% chance of having a blue eyed baby
The "rungs" of DNA are formed by four basic molecules called what and what are the letters that represent these bases?
Bases, ATCG
Who is dubbed the "Father of Genetics"
Gregor Mendel
Plants that show the same trait for many generals when naturally pollinated are considered what type of plants?
Purebred
When genes blend together instead of one being expressed over the other it's called
Incomplete dominance
Brown hair (B) is dominant to blonde hair (b). How many offspring would you expect to have brown hair in a cross between 1 purebred (homozygous) and 1 purebred recessive parent.
4/4 OR 100%
Who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule
Watson & Crick
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
Name a factor other than genetic inheritance that can affect your traits
Environment, health habits (eating & exercise)
What uses lines and symbols to trace a trait from one generation to another?
Pedigree
A diagram used to show the probability of certain genetic traits for the offspring of any two parents
Punnett Square
The hidden form of an inherited trait
Recessive trait