Balanced Diet/ GI Tract
This is where most nutrient absorption takes place.
Small Intestine
Protein or Amino Acids are the only macronutrient that provides this element
Nitrogen
Fat soluble vitamin that can be produced from skin exposure to sunlight that has been associated with happiness/depression and immune health.
Vitamin D
What is the molecular name for energy?
ATP = adosine tri phosphate
What is the main difference in macronutrient composition for infants than other lifestages?
50% Fat intake
What is delayed gastric emptying, what causes it and is it good?
Slowing down of chyme leaving stomach. Fats, Fiber, Proteins can affect. It is good.
Carbohydrates are essential for this reason.
Provide body (esp brain) with energy
While an athlete may need to supplement with this electrolyte, someone with high blood pressure will need to minimize consumption of this.
Sodium (under 2300mg/day for heart healthy diet)
What is included in energy expenditure?
basal metabolism (activities that keep body functioning) (2/3 total energy expenditure)
physical activity
thermic effect of food (~10%)
Breastfed or formula fed babies should both receive this kind of supplement.
Vitamin D
whole grains, fruit, veg, lean proteins, water, healthy oils
What are different types of cholesterol - do we want them high or low?
HDL (high)
LDL (Low)
Water soluble = kidneys
Fat soluble = liver
What are some health related risks associated with obesity?
CVD
T2DM
Cancer
Poor mental health
Reduced quality of life
Sleep apnea
This non-nutrient is recommended for all life stages and helps to maintain a healthy body weight and improve quality of life.
physical activity.
Gold standard dietary recommendations are pretty similar, what do they focus on/what do they limit?
Recommend whole foods: fruits, vegetables, whole grains
Limit: processed foods, foods with added sugars and salt
What are different types of fats?
Saturated
Unsaturated (mono + poly)
Poly unsaturated = omega 3 + 6s
B12 needs this, produced in the stomach, to be absorbed in the small intestine.
Intrinsic factor
What kind of standard measure is based on someones weight and height to assess their risk for chronic disease?
BMI
this is not necessarily the best method for all people
Relative to body weight, infant’s needs for most nutrients are
more than 2x those of adults
what are the 4 lifestyle habits that can drastically impact someones health?
Dietary intake (food)
Movement (physical activity)
Alcohol intake (excessive/abuse)
Smoking
How much water does that average person need on any given day?
2-3 litres (8-12 cups)
This micronutrient can be found in plants and animals and can impact the amount of oxygen in the blood
Iron
Energy balance =
Energy in and Energy out
your body has natural buffers to help balance out daily differences in kcal intake
Complications with adequate intake for elderly populations includes
Loss of smell, sight, taste; loss of teeth; mobilty/access to store/transit; access to kitchen; ability to cook; companionship at mealtimes, etc.