Definition of Human Rights
How many member states of the UN are there?
193
What is a peace right?
the human right to live in a world without war or violence.
What is state sovereignty?
A country can make decisions for itself.
What are non-legal responses to human trafficking?
programs and organisations addressing human trafficking through advocacy, prevention, support, and awareness rather than through laws or legal enforcement.
NGOs like Anti-Slavery International and the American Anti-Slavery Group
What is contemporary slavery?
a form of forced or bonded labour, with or without pay,under threat of violence
what is the ICCPR?
The ICCPR is a global treaty protecting individuals' civil and political rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and fair trials.
List some labour rights that are included in the UDHR.
right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment
the right to equal pay for equal work
the right to just and favourable remuneration
the right to form and join trade unions
the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
How do international laws become Australian laws?
The Federal Parliament ratifies the treaty and then creates corresponding legislation.
What is Division 270 of the Commonwealth Criminal Code?
Division 270 criminalises slavery, sexual servitude, slave trading, and deceptive recruitment
What are the 3 main categories of modern slavery?
1. forced labour -performed under threat which the person has not voluntarily submitted to
2. debt bondage - Labour repaid without fair value or proper limits on type and duration of service.
3. sexual slavery - forcing a victim to provide sexual services; forced prostitution or forced labour where sexual abuse is also common
What are three qualities that define a human right?
Indivisible -all rights are equally important and interrelated.
Inalienable - cannot be taken away or surrendered. universal-applicable to all people everywhere.
Indivisible – all rights are equally important and interrelated.
What is universal suffrage?
the right of all adult citizens to vote regardless of race, gender, or social status, marking a major advancement in political rights and democratic participation.
What is promoting and enforcing human rights?
Promoting and enforcing human rights means supporting respect for everyone’s rights and ensuring laws protect these rights by preventing abuse and holding violators accountable. Legal and non legal measures
What are some Domestic NGO's in Australia that promote Human rights?
Media, Films, books and documentaries
Australian universities research reporting and collaborations
University of Technology Sydney’s Anti-Slavery Project.
TheUniversity of Queensland Human Trafficking Working Group
What is Human Trafficking?
the commercial trade or trafficking in human beings for the purpose of some form of slavery, usually involving recruiting, transporting or obtaining a person by force, coercion or deceptive means
What is the ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, an international treaty that obliges its parties to protect and fulfil rights related to work, health, education, social security, and an adequate standard of living.
What are the laws around education in Australia?
Education laws also take into account international human rights obligations, such as the right to education under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Australia is committed to ensuring education is accessible, inclusive, and non-discriminatory.
What is The United Nations Human Rights Office?
The UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) promotes and protects global human rights by monitoring abuses, supporting countries to implement standards, assisting UN human rights bodies, promoting treaties, and providing training and assistance.
What does the Australian Human Rights Commission do?
Deal mainly with issues relating to Australia’s human rights legislation and can receive and investigate complaints into discrimination and breaches of human rights.
What are some sources of slavery?
poverty, fraudulent recruiters, exploitative employers and corrupt officials, allseeking to reap profits from the victims’ exploitation.
Self-determination rights are covered under which conventions?
self-determination rights in Article 1 of both the ICCPR and ICESCR.
How are Human Rights legally recognized domestically?
Recognition occurs when countries incorporate human rights into their domestic laws either through constitutions, legislation, or judicial decisions.
For example, in Australia, while there is no comprehensive Bill of Rights, some human rights are protected under the common law, specific statutes, or through state-based charters of rights (e.g., the Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities).
What do the 9 core international HR instunents do?
There are 9 core international human rights instruments. Each of these instruments has established a committee of experts to monitor implementation of the treaty provisions by its States parties. Some of the treaties are supplemented by optional protocols dealing with specific concerns whereas the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture establishes a committee of experts.
What are the main contributors to the risk of people trafficking and slavery, and the difficulty in preventing it?
Developing states do not have the resources to fight these forms of exploitation and transnational crime.
There are socio-political and economic factors driving the movement of people from one place to another
What is the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons especially Women and Children, ( Palermo Protocol)
The 2003 protocol was the first legally binding instrument defining human trafficking, aiming to enhance protection, prosecution, prevention, and international cooperation by guiding member states to implement consistent domestic laws.