Stages of Infection
Chain of infection
Manifestations
Isolation
Take Actions
100

It's the interval b/w a pathogen entering the body and the presentation of the first finding. 

What is the incubation stage of infection?

100

It is required for an infection to start. (bacteria, virus, fungus, prion, or parasite)

What is causitive agent? 

100

Redness, edema/swelling, warmth of site, pain at site

What is localized infection?

100

An immunocompromised client with WBC count of 1.2 (normal range 45 to 11)

What is protective environment or neutropenic precautions? 

Bonus-what are things must we do to protect this client?

100
A preventative method that introduces antibodies or inactivated infectious agent into a person to increase the person's immunity system to the agent in the future?

What are immunizations or vaccinations?

200

It's the interval from onset of general findings to more distinct findings; during this time, the pathogen multiplies. When one starts to feel some symptoms.

What is the prodromal stage of infection?

200

It carries the infection (human, animal, food, organic matter on inanimate surfaces, water, soil, insects). The host of the infection.

What is reservoir? 

200

Client may have fever, chills, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, malaise, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea

What is systemic infection?

200

The barrier precaution required to take care of a client with HIV?

What is standard precautions? (explain PPE needed and when)

200

Teaching on turning, coughing, deep breathing, incentive spirometry

What is pulmonary/respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette teaching?

300

It's the interval when findings specific to the infection occur. Multiple symptoms possible. 

What is the illness stage of infection?

300

The method/pathway an infection leaves the host. 

What is the portal of exit?

300

Positive culture, leukocytosis, elevated ESR

What are laboratory tests that indicate an infection is likely?

300

The barrier precaution needed to care for clients with measles, varicella/chickenpox, tuberculosis, COVID-19 and room requirement?

What is negative pressure room and airborne precautions? (explain PPE needed)

300

Turning and repositioning and immobile client and providing adequate hydration can prevent what type of infection entry way

What is impaired skin breakdown or pressure ulcers?

400

It's the interval when acute findings disappear, total recovery typically occurs within days to months. 

What is the convalescence stage of infection?

400

The way the infections enters a new host or spreads (direct physical contact; indirect contact; fecal-oral, sneezing, talking, coughing, bite)

What is mode of transmission?

400
Diagnostic tests that may reveal and area of inflammation

What is an x-ray, CT scan, or MRI?

400

The barrier precaution needed for flu, scarlet fever, rubella, mumps, or meningitis

What is droplet precautions? (explain PPE needed)

400

A provider initiated treatment recommended by the nurse in the following situation:

75 y/o client with dysuria, foul smelling urine, oral temp 102 F, HR 125, RR 20, Pain level 0, BP 118/62 for the past 3 days.

What is request to obtain urine/blood culture, antipyretic, antibiotic treatment, or cooling blanket?

500

It's the number one way to prevent the spread of infection.

What is proper handwashing?

500

How the infection enters the new host (may be the same as how the infection leaves a carrier). 

What is portal of entry?

500

Which type of client may have a reduced immune response to advanced infection prior to identification as well as have atypical symptoms (agitation, confusion/delirium)

Who are older clients (older than 65 years of age)?

500

The barrier precaution required for caring for a client with MRSA, herpes simplex, or enteric diseases (e.coli, shigella,etc.)

What is contact precautions? (what PPE is needed)

500

A life-threatening condition caused by a severe localized or system-wide infection that requires immediate medical attention.

Symptoms include low blood pressure, pale and cool arms and legs, chills, difficulty breathing, and decreased urine output. Mental confusion and disorientation may also develop quickly.

What is septic shock?

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