Cardiology
What are the 4 first-line anti-hypertensives recommended in the 2025 AHA Hypertension guidelines to prevent cardiovascular disease?
What is thiazide diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)?
Which viral infection is particularly severe in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, especially during winter?
What is influenza?
What is the usual A1c goal for most adults with diabetes?
What is <7%
What is an important counseling point for patients using inhalers that include steroids?
What is rinse mouth after use to prevent oral candidiasis?
What is the criteria for reduced dose apixaban when being used for atrial fibrillation?
patients must meet 2 out of the 3 following criteria:
Age >80 years
Weight <60 kg
SCr ≥ 1.5 mg/dL
What are the high intensity statins (including doses)?
Which pathogen is a common cause of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with indwelling catheters?
What is E. coli?
Which drug class is associated with weight loss and ASCVD risk reduction?
What is GLP-1 receptor agonists?
In a patent who was hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation and has an eosinophil count >300, what is the recommended inhaler combination?
What is LABA + LAMA + ICS?
What are the vitamin-K dependent clotting factors/proteins that warfarin inhibits?
What is 2, 7, 9, 10, protein C, and protein S?
What is the LDL-C goal for a patient with recent myocardial infarction?
What is < 70 mg/dL and consider < 55 mg/dL?
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic that can be used for empiric coverage when concerned for Pseudomonas infection?
What is piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem or cefepime?
Additional correct answers: ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, imipenem
Which diabetes drug class is contraindicated in HFrEF due to fluid retention?
What is thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)?
Which inhaled medication is preferred as rescue therapy in COPD exacerbations?
What is short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) (e.g., albuterol)
Which DOACs inhibit Factor Xa vs. direct thrombin (Factor IIa)?
What is apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban that inhibit Factor Xa vs dabigatran that is a direct thrombin inhibitor?
What is the first-line treatment for HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%)?
What is...
1. ACEi/ARB/ARNi*
2. Beta-blocker (Metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol)
3. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (Spironolactone or Eplerenone)
4. Sodium Glucose Co-transporter Inhibitor (SGLT2i)
5. Furosemide PRN (no mortality benefit, only symptom relief)
Which antibiotic is recommended for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia?
What is Vancomycin? (or daptomycin)
Which type of insulin is typically used for basal coverage in patients with diabetes?
What is long-acting insulin (e.g., glargine, detemir, degludec)?
Which inhaler is recommended as both maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) for patients with asthma, providing anti-inflammatory control and rapid bronchodilation in a single device?
What is inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) – formoterol?
What is the INR goal for a mechanical mitral valve?
What is 2.5 - 3.5
Which anti arrhythmic requires thyroid and liver monitoring and can cause pulmonary toxicity?
What is Amiodarone?
A patient on chronic steroids develops oral white patches. What is the likely infection?
What is oral candidiasis?
What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? (Must name at least 3 for credit)
What is
Tremors or shakiness
Palpitations
Sweating (diaphoresis)
Anxiety or nervousness
Hunger
Paresthesia (tingling around lips or fingers)
Confusion or difficulty concentrating
Weakness or fatigue
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Blurred vision
Headache
Irritability or mood changes
Seizures (severe)
Loss of consciousness / coma (severe)
What are the triple therapy inhalers? (must say brand name and the 3 classes of medications included) **300 BONUS points if you can recite the generic for both inhalers**
What is ICS + LAMA + LABA, Trelegy Elipta (fluticasone/umeclidinium/vilanterol), and Breztri Aeorsphere (budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate)?
A patient stable on warfarin is newly starting amiodarone? What change can you expect with their INR and what intervention can be recommended?
What is increased INR and empirically lower the warfarin dose?