Cardiology
What are the 4 first-line anti-hypertensives recommended in the 2025 AHA Hypertension guidelines to prevent cardiovascular disease?
What is thiazide diuretic, DHP calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)?
Which side effect of linezolid is expected other than be seen at 2 weeks of therapy and at 4 weeks of therapy?
What is thrombocytopenia at 2 weeks and peripheral and optic neuropathies at 4 weeks?
What is the usual A1c goal for most adults with diabetes?
What is <7%
A hospitalized patient with sudden hypoxia, tachycardia, and pleuritic chest pain should be evaluated for this diagnosis.
What is a pulmonary embolism?
This score estimates stroke risk in atrial fibrillation. Name the criteria and associated points
What is ...
Congestive HF (1)
Hypertension (1)
Age 75 years or older (2)
Diabetes (1)
Stroke, TIA, or thromboembolism (2)
Vascular disease (prior MI, peripheral artery disease, or aortic plaque) (1)
Age 65 -74 (1)
Sc Sex category - female (1)
This P2Y12 inhibitor is recommended first-line to be used with Aspirin after PCI for acute coronary syndrome.
What is Ticagrelor?
Which organism is a non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative rod?
What is Pseudomonas? (or Acinetobacter)
A patient on chronic steroids undergoing surgery may need this to prevent adrenal crisis.
What is stress dose steroids?
In a patent who was hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation and has an eosinophil count >300, what is the recommended inhaler combination?
What is LABA + LAMA + ICS?
What are the vitamin-K dependent clotting factors/natural anticoagulants that warfarin inhibits?
What is 2, 7, 9, 10, protein C, and protein S?
What is the LDL-C goal for a patient with a recent myocardial infarction but is not very high risk?
What is < 70 mg/dL and consider < 55 mg/dL?
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic that can be used for empiric coverage when concerned for Pseudomonas infection?
What is piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem or cefepime?
Additional correct answers: ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, imipenem
Which diabetes drug class is contraindicated in HFrEF due to fluid retention?
What is thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)? or saxagliptin
Which inhaled medication is preferred as rescue therapy in COPD exacerbations?
What is short-acting beta-agonist like albuterol or Duonebs (albuterol and ipratropium) (SABA-SAMA)?
Which DOACs inhibit Factor Xa vs. direct thrombin (Factor IIa)?
What is apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban that inhibit Factor Xa vs dabigatran that is a direct thrombin inhibitor?
What is the first-line treatment for HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%)?
What is...
1. ACEi/ARB/ARNi*
2. Beta-blocker (Metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol)
3. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (Spironolactone or Eplerenone)
4. Sodium Glucose Co-transporter Inhibitor (SGLT2i)
5. Loop diuretic PRN (no mortality benefit, only symptom relief)
An patient with HIV has a CD4 count <200 and diffuse bilateral infiltrates, which opportunistic infection should they be evaluated for?
What is Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
This electrolyte must be closely monitored when treating diabetic ketoacidosis.
What is potassium?
This medication class should be used cautiously in some severe asthma patients because it can worsen bronchospasm.
What are nonselective beta blockers? (propranolol, carvedilol, labetolol)
This anticoagulant is often preferred for inpatient bridging in patients needing rapid on/off therapy due to short half-life.
What is unfractionated heparin?
Which anti arrhythmic requires thyroid and liver monitoring and can cause pulmonary toxicity?
What is Amiodarone?
A patient on chronic steroids develops oral white patches. What is the likely infection?
What is oral candidiasis?
What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? (Must name at least 5 for credit)
What is
Tremors or shakiness
Palpitations
Sweating (diaphoresis)
Anxiety or nervousness
Hunger
Paresthesia (tingling around lips or fingers)
Confusion or difficulty concentrating
Weakness or fatigue
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Blurred vision
Headache
Irritability or mood changes
Seizures (severe)
Loss of consciousness / coma (severe)
When are antibiotics indicated for an acute COPD exacerbation?
What is when someone has dyspnea, increased sputum purulence and volume (must have increased purulence + 1 other symptom) or mechanical ventilation (noninvasive or invasive)?
A patient stable on warfarin is newly starting amiodarone? What change can you expect with their INR and what intervention can be recommended?
What is increased INR and empirically lower the warfarin dose?