Introduction to Interpersonal
What is intrinsic reward?
The reward is developing the relationship
Explain the difference between high context and low context cultures.
Low-context culture
Language expresses thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible
High-context culture
Relies heavily on subtle, often nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
How do these cultural norms impact communication?
What is the Halo efffect?
Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
What is your self concept?
relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself
What is a phonological rule? Provide an example
govern how sounds are combined to form words
i before e except after c
Territoriality is
study of how we respond to the violations of territory and the areas that serve as an extension of our physical being.
What is hyperpersonal comm
an acceleration of discussion of personal topics and relational development that occurs on social media beyond the norm of face-to face interaction.
What is Intersectionality? Provide an example.
overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination or discrimination
What is the difference between the first order reality and second order?
First-order realities
Physically observable qualities of a thing or situation.
Examples: Facts that we can see. The time, the size of something, or the color.
Second-order realities
Attaching meaning to first-order things or situations
Second-order realities don’t reside in objects or events but rather in our minds.
Example: He was late because he doesn't care about his job.
What is the difference between the presenting self and perceived self?
Perceived self: The person you believe your-
self to be in moments of honest self-reflection
Presenting self: Public image—the way we
want to appear to others
What is the difference between Convergence and divergence?
Convergence: process of adapting one’s speech style to match that of others example: code switching
Divergence: speaking in a way that emphasizes differences
What is Kinesics?
Study of how people communicate through body movement Face and eyes
Explain cognitive complexity? Provide an example.
The ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue.
What is the difference between race and ethnicity? Provide an example.
Race has little use in explaining individual differences; based on pseudo-science and physical features
Ethnicity is more commonly used
Degree to which a person identifies with a group, usually on the basis of nationality, culture, or other unifying perspective
What is confirmation bias? Provide an example.
We seek out and organize our impressions to support an opinion
We judge ourselves more charitably than we do others
What is the Social Penetration Theory?
We self disclose like an onion.
Degrees of Self-Disclosure:
Two dimensions:
Breadth of information shared (range of topics)
Depth of information shared(degree to which the information revealed is private or personal)
What is the Sapir Whorf hypothesis?
is the best-known declaration of linguistic relativity. Sapir and Whorf proposed that language shapes our reality. The idea was that language functions like a prison we cannot escape. We can only view the world through the lens of our native language. This was later disproven. For example, a culture may have many words for snow. Another culture may only have a few words. The culture that doesn't have the words to describe a particular type of snow can still understand it. The context of course, influenced the language.
Monochronic and polychronic are examples of
Chronemics: study of how humans use and structure time.
What needs does communication fulfill?
Name and explain the four Hofstede dimensions discussed in class
Individual vs Collective
Individualistic: Primary responsibility to the needs of oneself
Collectivistic: Loyalties and obligations to the in-group: extended family, community, or work organization
Power Distance
Degree to which members of a society accept an unequal distribution of power
Low power distance: minimize distinctions between class and status; question authority
High power distance: obey authority
Uncertainty Avoidance
Degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations and how much they try to avoid them
High uncertainty avoidance: need clear rules and regulations
Low uncertainty avoidance: less threatened by the new and unexpected
Competitiveness versus Cooperativeness (Achievement vs Nurturance)
Achievement/Competitive culture:
Place a high value on material success and focus on the task at hand
Nurturing/Cooperative culture
Support of relationships especially important; Values cooperation
The big 5 personality traits or OCEAN stand for
openness; conscientiousness; extroversion; agreeableness; neuroticism
Explain the Johari Window Model
Explain the difference between semantic and pragmatics
Semantic rules: govern the meanings of statements
Denotative (objective dictionary definition) and Connotative ( implied; individual )meanings
Pragmatic rules tell what uses and interpretations of a message are appropriate in a given context
What is the difference between an emblem and a regulator? Please provide an example.
Emblems: Culturally understood substitutes for verbal expression
Regulators: Cues that help control verbal interaction