Key Terms (CNS & PNS)
The involuntary, almost instantaneous motor response to a stimulus
Reflex
The most common and least serious type of TBI
This medication class helps aid in pain control to reduce oxygen demand
Analgesics
This part of the brain is responsible for controlling muscle movements and balance
Cerebellum
This cranial nerve is responsible for vision
Cranial Nerve II or Optic
The basic cell of the nervous system
Neuron
This injury is usually due to a violent blow to head or an object penetrating the skull
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
This class of medication helps control seizures
Antiepileptics
This part of the brain controls reflexes and regulates activities such as vomiting, hiccupping, coughing, and sneezing
Brainstem
Which cranial nerve is responsible for gag and swallowing reflexes, taste
Cranial Nerve IX or Glossopharyngeal
The three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
This alteration is manifested by periods of abnormal electrical discharges in the brain
Seizures or Seizure disorder
This medication class can aid in the reduction of ICP by reducing fluid
Diuretics
This lobe of the cerebrum controls speech, thought, learning, emotions, and voluntary movement
Frontal lobe
This cranial nerve is responsible for movement of tongue for swallowing, movement of food during chewing, and speech
Cranial Nerve XII or Hypoglossal
This fluid cushions the brain and spinal cord and helps prevent injury to these tissues
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
This alteration consists of sustained elevated pressure of 15 mmHg or higher in the cranial cavity
Increased intracranial pressure (IICP)
This medication class can help reduce blood pressure in hemorrhagic stoke
Antihypertensives
This part of the diencephalon is involved in regulating HR, BP, RR, depth, pain, pleasure, and fear
Hypothalamus
This cranial nerve is responsible sense of balance/equilibrium, and sense of hearing
Cranial Nerve VIII or Vestibulocochlear
This "wall" helps protect the CNS by preventing potential neurotoxins from entering the brain
Blood Brain Barrier
This alteration consists of a continuous seizure lasting more than 30 mins
Status Epilepticus
This medication class can aid in the reduction of metabolic demand to reduce ICP
Sedatives
This lobe of the cerebrum stores memory and interprets auditory stimuli
Temporal Lobe
This cranial nerve is responsible for sensory impulses from scalp, upper/lower eyelid, nose, cornea, lacrimal gland, upper and lower teeth and lips, tongue, teeth clenching, and movement of mandible
Cranial Nerve V or Trigeminal