Central Ideas
This is the main idea an author wants readers to remember.
A central idea
The reason an author writes a text.
Author’s purpose
You must always do this when making a claim about a text.
Cite evidence
A good inference is also called this.
A logical conclusion
A comparison using “like” or “as.”
A simile
One central idea of Down Down Down is that the ocean has many layers. Another is this.
Each layer contains unique creatures and conditions
Steve Jenkins organizes Down Down Down by layers of the ocean to do this.
Help readers understand structure and depth
Text evidence can be a direct quote or this.
A paraphrase
You make an inference when the text does not state the answer but you do this.
Read between the lines
A comparison without “like” or “as.”
A metaphor
This connects two central ideas in a text.
A relationship or theme
An author may write to inform, persuade, or do this.
Entertain
When citing, you must also explain this.
How the evidence supports your answer
In Down Down Down, if the text says animals glow in the deep sea, you can infer this.
Light is scarce and glowing helps survival
Giving human qualities to non-human things.
Personification
Explain how one section of Down Down Down develops a central idea.
By describing how creatures adapt to pressure or darkness
Including illustrations of sea animals in Down Down Down serves this purpose.
Help readers visualize and learn
This type of evidence comes directly from the text.
Explicit evidence
This skill combines evidence and reasoning.
Inference-making
An extreme exaggeration.
Hyperbole
Compare how two sections of a text develop the same central idea.
Showing similar evidence in different ways
Compare author’s purposes in two accounts of the same event.
One may inform while the other persuades
Making inferences requires combining text evidence with this.
Background knowledge
Explain how making inferences improves comprehension.
It helps readers understand deeper meaning
Identify the figurative language: “The ocean’s floor is a desert.”
A metaphor