Earth's Systems
A system is a group of _____ that work together as a _________________.
A system is a group of parts that work together as a whole.
This force builds up land: constructive or destructive?
constructive
What are the 2 main types of evidence scientists use to learn about Earth's interior?
Direct and Indirect
Name the 4 layers of Earth from outside to inside
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
A convection current is a transfer of ________.
A convection current is a transfer of energy/heat.
Name the 5 parts of Earth's system
Atmosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Energy from the sun
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
List 2 types of direct evidence
1. Rock samples from drilling into Earth's crust
2. Volcanoes blast out rock from deep from Earth
What happens to the temperature and pressure as you travel inside Earth?
The pressure and temperature increase
What is the heat source that causes the convection currents in the mantle?
Heat from the core and the mantle itself
Rock shooting out of a volcano would be an example of the geosphere interacting with what other part?
Atmosphere
Name 4 examples of a destructive force
- Rain
- Running water/ creeks, rivers
- Wind
- Changing temperatures
- Ice
- Gravity
What indirect evidence do scientists study to learn about inside Earth?
Describe the composition of each layer:
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
Crust- thinnest layer, solid rock (basalt and granite)
Mantle- Thickest layer, very hot rock, like tar
Outer core- Molten metal (iron and nickel)
Inner core- Solid metal ball (iron and nickel)
What did we use in class as a model of how convection current work?
the lava lamp- heat from the bulb made the globs of wax at the bottom to get warmer and expand which makes the globs less dense, the globs rise.
The globs cool which make them more dense so they fall. This continues over and over while the lamp is on.
Name one positive and negative affect that a fire in forest had on the biosphere
Positive- added nutriets to the soil to help plants grow
Negative- Ash from the fire clogged fish gills
- Burned trees/habitats, killed animals
How can a volcano be both constructive and destructive forces?
Constructive- lava cools and builds new land
Destructive- destroys houses and wildlife
What is a synonym for 'seismic'
What do scientists believe creates the Earth's magnetic field?
The convection currents from Earth's outer core
Describe the movement (convection currents) of rock in the mantle.
Clue: Start from millions of years ago...
Over millions of years, the great heat and pressure in the mantle have caused the rock to warm, becoming less dense, and flow upwards.
The hot rock cools, becoming more dense and sinks back down into the lower parts of the mantle.
Give an example of how humans interact with the hydrosphere.
Ex- Swim, fish, get rained on, drink, use as waste water, etc.
How are there marine fossils found in the Himalayas?
When India collided with China/Asia the ocean floor was lifted upward creating the Himalayan mountains. The fossils were in the ocean floor.
Explain how the canisters are like Earth
We had to make observations and predictions about what is inside.
Compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) the outer and inner core
Similar- both made of iron and nickel
Different- Outer core is liquid, inner core is solid
Give another example of how convection causes movement
Hot air balloon, boiling soup, lava lamp, etc.