The Environment and Change Over Time
What is the difference between natural selection and selective breeding?
Natural selection occurs in nature, selective breeding is when humans choose desired traits to breed plants or animals.
What does the atomic number of an element correspond to with that element's atom?
the number of protons it has.
Where are the 3 main groups of elements found on the periodic table?
metals-- left side and middle
nonmetals-- right side
metalloids-- between metals and nonmetals
Another name for a homogenous mixture is a _________.
solution
Define matter.
anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an original-material fossil?
A type of fossil that preserves the original body of the organism; such as amber or ice.
What happens if we change the number of protons in an atom?
The element will change
What is a row in the periodic table called? A column?
period; group
What is the formula for density?
D=m/v
On the left side of the periodic table, all of the elements are metals except ____________.
Hydrogen
Name the 3 main types of adaptations and give an example of each.
Structural, behavioral, functional
What is a substance? What is a compound? Can a compound be a substance?
Substance-- matter with composition that is always the same.
Compound-- a substance made of two or more elements chemically bound together.
yes, a compound is a substance
Why are the lanthanide and actinide series elements found under the periodic table?
What is the difference between malleability and ductility?
malleability means an element can be hammered into thin sheets. Ductility means elements can be pulled into thin wires.
What are the two outcomes for a species if the environment around them changes?
they adapt, or they eventually go extinct.
What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures? Give an example of each.
homologous- same structure, different function
analogous- different structure, same function
What is a semiconductor?
an element that can conduct electricity at high temperatures, but not low.
List 3 properties of metals.
good conductors, malleable, ductile.
Having homologous structures shows the animals are more closely related, as they have similar structure but have evolved to use these structures in different ways.
How do metallic properties change as you move around the periodic table?
as you go down and to the left, their properties become more metallic.
What is the difference between the fossil record and geologic time scale?
fossil record shows all the fossils discovered on Earth. The geologic time scale uses the fossil record to divide Earth's history into periods and eons.
What is the difference of size-dependent and size independent properties? Give TWO examples of each.
size-dependent properties will change with the size of the object.
ex. mass, volume, weight
size-independent properties will not change with the size of the object.
ex. magnetism, density, conductivity, melting/boiling point
What are the names of group 1, 2, 17, and 18 on the periodic table?
alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
halogens
noble gases
What is the difference between relative-age and absolute-age dating? What is each one?
What type of element would you expect to react with sodium? Explain.
a halogen. Halogens are very reactive, and often react with alkali metals to form salts.