Error Correction
This error correction procedure is best for early learners and when teaching prerequisite skills.
Example: toddler learning to complete a ring stacker.
Practice Trials
In a least-to-most hierarchy, what comes immediately after delivering the SD?
Wait latency period
FR1 means reinforcement is delivered how often?
Every correct response
How do you run time delay error correction? Provide an example
Time Delay
IT: “When is Halloween?”
Client: “September”
IT: “October 31”
Client: “October 31”
IT: “that’s right, Halloween is October 31”
**Complete 1 mastered worksheet and 3 math targets
IT: *before R+ break* “When is Halloween?”
IT: Wait up to 3 sec (or client’s latency period) > “Oct..” “October…” “October 31”
Client: “October 31”
IT: “much better, Halloween is on October 31”
What protocol creates behaviour momentum? What is it used for?
Provide an example:
A high-p sequence.
A strategy that uses a few easy, quick- simple instructions (high-p) to build momentum, making it more likely the learner wil follow a harder or less preferred instruction (low-p)
e.g. clap hands, touch head, wave, and clean your crayons
Used when teaching discrimination skills and preventing response memorization.
Example: Identifying letters, answering social questions.
Distractor Trials
In least-to-most verbal prompting, what comes before full verbal?
Partial verbal
In an 80x3 mastery (5 trials), what percentage must be acheived before post-test on the second day the client receives 80%?
80%
Whats Graduated Guidance?
Provide an example
During "Wash Hands," the instructor taps the client's elbow, then uses hand-over-hand prompting only when necessary, using the least amount of assistance needed.
What is extinction procedure look like if a behaivour is maintained by attention?
Extinction for the attention function means withholding attention when a behavior occurs if that behavior is used to gain attention.
Attention extinction:
When a behavior occurs the parent or teacher does not acknowledge or label the behaviour.
This is sometimes called planned ignoring (when it is safe to do so).
Appropriate for advanced learners and multi-step/complex concepts.
Time Delay
This is the most intrusive prompt in a physical hierarchy.
Full physical
During baseline, reinforcement and error correction are handled how?
Do not reinforce, do not error correct.
How do you run distractor trial error correction?
The instructor says, "Show me blue." The client touches red. The instructor models touching blue, then inserts high-probability responses before running an independent trial.
If client errors again repeat again, and then instead of the independent trial, run an errrorless trial
What are the 4 functions of behaviour?
Sensory, escape, attention and access to tangibles
Used in chaining programs to reset behavioral momentum.
Back-Step
In least-to-most physical prompting, what comes after a gesture prompt?
Partial Physical
VR schedules reinforce after what?
An average number of correct responses
When and how is back-step error correction ran (provide an example)?
Back-step error correction-chained behaviours
E.g. During a "wash hands" chain, the client skips turning off the tap. The instructor interrupts and has the client return to a previous mastered step before completing the chain.
What does non-contingent mean?
Non-contingent means something is provided independently of a person’s behavior. In other words, the person does not have to do a specific behavior to receive it.
E.g
Example:
Contingent attention:
A child gets attention only after they raise their hand.
Non-contingent attention:
Attention is given on a set schedule (e.g., every 2 minutes) whether or not the child raises their hand.
_____is a prompting procedure used in ABA where _______ prompts are gradually reduced as the learner becomes more independent. The instructor starts with the least amount of physical help needed and increases or decreases assistance moment by moment.
Graduated Guidance, physical prompts
During the prompt hierarchy, you should NOT do this before the latency period.
(unless PBx or incorrect response).
Re-deliver/repeat the SD
In VR2, reinforcement is delivered after approximately how many correct responses?
An average of 2 correct responses.
Demonstrate an example of practice trials error correction
*role play in your team
Practice Trials
IT: "You sleep on a..."
Client: "Shoe."
IT immediately says "Bed," has the client repeat "Bed," provides praise,
Staff re-delivers the SD.
Prompt correct response: "Bed"
Client repeats "Bed"
staff "yes you sleep on a bed"
Staff re-delivers the SD.
Prompt correct response: "Bed"
Client repeats "Bed"
staff "yes you sleep on a bed"
SD again: "you sleep on a.."
Prompt correct response using L-->M (e.g. bee)
Client independently says "bed"
What are 3 different types of differential reinforcement procedures?