Lab Values
Causes and Phases
Signs/Symptoms
Care Management
100

Normal lab value for sodium

135-145

100

Hemorrhage, heart failure, sepsis, and burns are classified as what type of cause of renal failure?

Pre-renal

100

What might you auscultate in the lung fields of a patient in the oliguric phase of AKI?

Crackles/Rales

100

Control patient exposure to these types of medications

Nephrotoxic

200

Normal lab value for potassium

3.5-5

200

This phase can last weeks to months as the concentrating ability of the kidneys slowly returns and labs begin to normalize

Recovery phase 

200

What might you see in the UA of a patient with kidney injury?

Protein, WBCs, RBCs, cell casts

200

The bedside nurse should carefully monitor what in a patient with AKI?

Intake and output

300

The three primary functions of the kidney

Maintain acid-base, electrolyte, and fluid balance

300

During this phase, urine output drops to <400mL/day and patients often experience fluid volume overload and increased electrolytes

Oliguric phase

300

During the oliguric phase, a patients acid-base cannot be balanced and they may go into...

metabolic acidosis

300

A nurse should monitor for signs and symptoms of this in a patient with AKI due to the likely leukocytosis they will experience

Infection

400

The presence of kidney damage for three or more months (GFR <60) is classified as what?

Chronic Kidney disease

400

NSAIDS, chemotherapy agents, and other nephrotoxic medications are classified as what type of cause of renal failure?

Intra-renal

400
During the diuretic phase you need to monitor your patient carefully for what complication?

hypotension

400

You may need to restrict these three electrolytes in your patient's diet

sodium/potassium/phosphate
500

The AKI patient will become anemic when the kidney cannot excrete which hormone?

Erythropoeitin

500

In this phase, urine output increases to 1-4L/day and patients experience fluid and electrolyte deficits

Diuretic Phase

500

If AKI is left untreated you might see this serious neurological manifestation

seizure

500

Given intravenously for emergent hyperkalemia (4 things)

Calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, insulin, and glucose/dextrose

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