Muscle Actions & Biomechanics
Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction for the first 15 degrees before the deltoid takes over?
Supraspinatus
A patient complains of a sharp heel pain that’s worst in the morning. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plantar Fasciitis
Total knee arthroplasty typically involves replacement of which joint components?
What are the femoral condyles, tibial plateau, and patella
A client presents with wrist drop and cannot actively extend the wrist or fingers after sleeping with their arm over a chair. Which nerve is most likely injured?
Radial nerve
A patient with excessive anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur most likely has an injury to which ligament?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
This muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion and helps prevent foot drop during gait.
Tibialis anterior
A patient presents with genu valgum. How will their knees appear?
angling inward (knock knees)
What type of kinetic chain movement occurs at the knees during a squat
closed-chain movement
Which plexus provides innervation to the upper extremities?
Brachial plexus
A client presents with progressive tightening of the palmar fascia, causing fingers to flex and limit extension.
Dupuytren’s contracture
Which facial muscle closes the eyelids during squinting or when expressing pain?
Orbicularis oculi
What is the proper term for a condition that involves a high longitudinal arch in the foot?
Pes Cavus
Which joint allows the mandible to articulate with the skull for mastication?
Temporomandibular joint
A client reports numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers and difficulty with fine motor tasks like buttoning. What nerve is involved?
Median nerve
A patient recovering from a total hip arthroplasty (posterolateral approach) should avoid which movement strategy when standing?
Leaning forward while standing
A patient with an Achilles tendon rupture would have difficulty performing which movement?
Plantar Flexion
A patient increased their running distance and now has posterior heel pain aggravated by dorsiflexion. What is the likely diagnosis?
Achilles tendinitis
This structure improves the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps by increasing the lever arm.
Patella
Which nerve injury would impair dorsiflexion and result in foot drop?
The common fibular (peroneal) nerve
A construction worker with a rotator cuff tear can reduce strain during overhead work by:
Using a step ladder or adjustable workspace to minimize overhead reaching?
If a muscle origin is located on the later surface of the fibula and inserts at the proximal fifth metatarsal, what actions does that muscle perform?
Ankle eversion
A client describes hearing a “pop” during a sudden pivot and now reports knee instability and difficulty with directional changes. Which structure is MOST likely injured and what movement is compromised?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
What is the mechanism called that locks the knee in place when fully extended?
Screw-Home Mechanism
A client has weakness in finger abduction/adduction and struggles with tasks like typing and spreading fingers.
ulnar nerve affecting the interossei muscles
Which class lever is used for elbow flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion?
3rd Class Lever