Leadership Across Cultures

Leadership vs. Management

100

What is the basic definition of leadership?

• A) The process of creating organizational rules
• B) The process of influencing people to achieve goals
• C) The process of managing financial resources
• D) The process of hiring new employees

• B) The process of influencing people to achieve goals

200

What is a distinction between managers and leaders?

• A) Managers focus on financial information, leaders focus on motivating people
• B) Leaders are hired, managers are appointed by employees
• C) Managers are responsible for innovation, leaders maintain stability
• D) Leaders follow company rules, managers create change

• A) Managers focus on financial information, leaders focus on motivating people

300

Which statement describes a manager’s typical behavior?

• A) Managers are extremely visible and proactive
• B) Managers focus on doing the right thing over doing things right
• C) Managers focus on maintaining stability and following company objectives
• D) Managers are motivated by long-term employment

• C) Managers focus on maintaining stability and following company objectives

400

How are leaders typically appointed?

• A) By their ability to manage financial information
• B) Through respect and employee perspective
• C) By their visible and proactive behavior
• D) By the company's HR department

• B) Through respect and employee perspective

500

What is a major challenge in combining the roles of manager and leader?

• A) Managers and leaders always have the same goals
• B) Inconsistencies in execution and qualification perceptions
• C) Cultural perspectives always make these roles synonymous
• D) Training methods never improve managerial skills

• B) Inconsistencies in execution and qualification perceptions

Leadership Theories

100

What does Theory X assume about employees?

• A) Employees are naturally motivated and seek responsibility
• B) Employees are lazy and need coercion to work
• C) Employees are motivated by teamwork and shared goals
• D) Employees are highly creative and imaginative

• B) Employees are lazy and need coercion to work

200

According to Theory Y, what motivates employees to work towards organizational objectives?

• A) External control and threats of punishment
• B) Self-direction and self-control when committed to goals
• C) Job security and directed tasks
• D) Coercion and control from managers

• B) Self-direction and self-control when committed to goals

300

Which leadership style is characterized by a one-way downward flow of influence from leader to subordinates?

• A) Participative
• B) Paternalistic
• C) Authoritarian
• D) Laissez-faire

• C) Authoritarian

400

What is a defining feature of Theory Z?

• A) Emphasis on coercion and punishment
• B) Commitment to employees’ security and loyalty
• C) Avoidance of responsibility by employees
• D) Minimal interaction between leader and subordinates

• B) Commitment to employees’ security and loyalty

500

Which leadership style involves employees in decision-making and encourages creativity and innovation?

• A) Authoritarian
• B) Paternalistic
• C) Participative
• D) Micromanagement

• C) Participative

Intercultural Leadership

100

What is a common leadership style among Japanese managers?

• A) Authoritarian
• B) Paternalistic
• C) Micromanagement
• D) Laissez-faire

• B) Paternalistic

200

How do Middle-Eastern managers typically approach leadership?

• A) They favor participative management
• B) They prefer a work-centered, authoritarian approach
• C) They delegate authority extensively
• D) They avoid detailed instructions

• B) They prefer a work-centered, authoritarian approach

300

Which leadership approach is commonly seen in India?

• A) Authoritarian
• B) Laissez-faire
• C) Participative
• D) Micromanagement

• C) Participative

400

How do younger managers across the world differ in their leadership values compared to older counterparts?

• A) They express more democratic attitudes across all leadership dimensions.
• B) They prefer authoritarian styles over participative approaches.
• C) They emphasize collective decision-making more than individual performance.
• D) They exhibit less interest in individual initiative and leadership capabilities

• A) They express more democratic attitudes across all leadership dimensions.

500

What is a significant difference in leadership styles between Japanese and U.S. managers?

• A) U.S. managers emphasize variety amplification
• B) Japanese managers focus on variety reduction
• C) Japanese managers use ambiguous goals to maintain control and ensure thorough preparation
• D) U.S. managers encourage inclusive participation in all decisions

• C) Japanese managers use ambiguous goals to maintain control and ensure thorough preparation

Leadership Styles

100

Which type of leader is known for exchanging rewards for effort and performance, operating on a "something for something" basis?

• A) Charismatic leader
• B) Transactional leader
• C) Transformational leader
• D) Laissez-faire leader

• B) Transactional leader

200

Which leadership style involves monitoring follower performance closely and taking corrective action only when deviations from standards occur?

• A) Active management-by-exception
• B) Passive management-by-exception
• C) Contingent reward leader
• D) Laissez-faire leader

• A) Active management-by-exception

300

Which leadership factor aligns followers by providing a common purpose or vision, enhancing pride and loyalty?

• A) Idealized influence
• B) Inspirational motivation
• C) Intellectual stimulation
• D) Individualized consideration

• A) Idealized influence

400

Which type of leader avoids intervening or accepting responsibility for follower actions?

• A) Charismatic leader
• B) Laissez-faire leader
• C) Active management-by-exception leader
• D) Contingent reward leader

• B) Laissez-faire leader

500

Which leadership style focuses on motivating and inspiring employees through charismatic traits and abilities?

• A) Charismatic leader
• B) Transformational leader
• C) Participative leader
• D) Servant leader

• A) Charismatic leader

Leadership Qualities & Culture

100

Which cultural cluster places emphasis on having a vision, being decisive, and having an inspirational style as important attributes of an effective manager?

A) Anglo (USA & UK)
B) Nordic
C) Mediterranean
D) Latin

A) Anglo (USA & UK)

200

In which type of culture is it common for managers to maintain a consistent tone of voice throughout communication, showing respect for the other person?

A) Anglo
B) Chinese
C) Latin American
D) Scandinavian

B) Chinese

300

In which type of culture is it common for managers to vary their tone of voice continually during communication, viewing it as showing commitment to their point of view?

A) Anglo
B) Asian
C) Latin American
D) Nordic

C) Latin American

400

Which leadership behavior focuses on ensuring the safety and security of the individual and group through status-enhancement and face-saving?

A) Humane-Oriented
B) Self-Protective
C) Autonomous
D) Servant

B) Self-Protective

500

Which leadership approach emphasizes positive outcomes, processes, and attributes of organizations and their members?

A) Transformational
B) Authentic
C) Servant
D) Positive organizational scholarship (POS)

D) Positive organizational scholarship (POS)